tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37266860025803147542024-02-21T02:57:51.113+01:00Butterflies of the Western PalearcticPieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.comBlogger51125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-80747219129440900332019-01-13T17:04:00.001+01:002019-01-13T17:19:58.969+01:00An updated European species list<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">For several years <a href="https://fauna-eu.org/" target="_blank">Fauna Europaea</a> (FE) offered a stabe taxonomical list for European fauna, including butterflies. Funding however for the FE project had dried up and several attempts to keep the project running seemed to fail. Meanwhile new developments in taxonomical research couldn't be implemented in the FE species lists. This led to a situation where the FE species list for butterflies became outdated and as such less suitable as a widely accepted tool in butterfly research and conservation. For this reason the species specialists for butterflies on FE took the initiative to write a paper summarizing the most important updates to the European butterfluy species list. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This paper can be found here:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/28712/" target="_blank">An updated checklist of the European Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">But as not everyone likes to read these kind of articles or is well aware of the old taxonomy, I will try to summarize the most important changes in this blogpost.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The most important changes can be grouped into a few categories.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><u>- First of all there are a bunch of new taxa in the list, these can be divided in two groups:</u></span></h3>
<b style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Newly discovered species</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">As the European butterfly fauna is already well known only few species fit in this category. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In a few cases this involves names that where already in use for a longer time, although the species discoveries are really new and in some cases unexpected.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Spialia rosae</i> Hernández-Roldán, Dapporto, Dincă, Vicente & Vila, 2016</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This taxon was split from </span><i>S. sertorius </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">based on </span><a href="http://biodiversitygenomics.net/site/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Hernandez-Roldan-et-al-2016.pdf" target="_blank">constant differences</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> in mtDNA, chemical profiles and ecology. At this point only known from Spain, although presence in mountainous neighbouring regions in Portugal or France is possible. Larval foodplant is not </span><i>Sanguisorba</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> species like in most related species but </span><i>Rosa</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> species. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Spialia rosae</i> egg on <i>Rosa</i> species, at the LT in the Sierra Nevada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Zerynthia cassandra</i> (Geyer, 1828)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This taxon was split from <i>Z. polyxena</i> based on <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00550.x" target="_blank">differences</a> in mtDNA and male genitalia. It is an endemic from the Italian peninsula and Sicily, where this pic was made.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">For this taxon an older name has been digged up as this was the oldes available description for this taxon (LT in Tuscany). This name has been used to describe specimens from southern France as well but now this name has come inavailable to describe the French specimens.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Zerynthia cassandra</i> in Sicily</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Leptidea juvernica</i> Williams, 1946</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">For some time now we know that the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1329" target="_blank"><i>Leptidea sinapis </i>complex</a> comprises of 3 species. <i>Leptidea reali</i> seems to be comprised to the western Mediterranean area while <i>Leptidea juvernica </i>is present - often sympatric with <i>L. sinapis</i> - in large parts of Europe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus timfristos</i> Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya & Shapoval, 2016</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Based on differences in karyotype & mtDNA <a href="https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/10944/" target="_blank">another species was raised</a> in the <i>Agrodiaetus</i> subgenus. Determination in the field with <i>Polyommatus ripartii</i> seems hazardous... For now on only confirmed from the very south of mainland Greece.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Polyommatus celina </i>(Austaut, 1879)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The difference between the group of realy new species and subspecies raised to species level is sometimes fine. The knowledge that specimens of <i>P. icarus </i>in S Spain, N-Africa & some Mediterranean islands were a bit different for example, was already long known but these differences were long considered to be very small. <a href="https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-4-8" target="_blank">Wiemers & Fiedler (2007)</a> were one of the first to notice the large genetic differences between these populations and the ones in the rest of Europe but on the external characters even write: "while in the latter species phenotypic differences have never been noted."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">More research confirmed <i>Polyommatus celina</i> to be sufficiently different of <i>P. icarus</i> to be considered a species on its own.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A female <i>Polyommatus celina</i> on Fuerteventura</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Taxa raised from subspecies to species level</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Long known subspecies but now evaluated as considerably distant from the nominate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Iphiclides feisthamelii</i> (Duponchel, 1832)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Species rank is based on the differences <a href="http://www.phegea.org/Phegea/2011/Phegea39-1_12-22.pdf" target="_blank">in genitalia</a> and nucleair DNA (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep12395" target="_blank">see Fig. 6 here</a>). The taxon replaces <i>I. podalirius </i>on the Iberian peninsula & Northern Africa. More information on the border region of the two taxa in Southern France can be found <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/uploads/2/8/2/3/28235851/feisthamelii_podalirius_lafranchis_2015__2_.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Iphiclides feitshamelii</i> from Barcelona</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Iolana debilitata </i>(Schultz, 1905)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Iberian & Northern African <i>Iolana </i>populations seem to differ in morphology and <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep12395" target="_blank">genetics</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pseudochazara tisiphone</i> Brown, 1981</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The genus <i>Pseudochazara </i>is a brain-racking genus with several very closely related taxa. Above that determination is hindered by large local variation (<a href="http://www.phegea.org/Phegea/2009/Phegea37-4_135-145.pdf" target="_blank">for example</a>), apparently often induced by the local rock colour. A first step to unravel the complex via genetic research was set by <a href="http://er.lepidoptera.ro/19_2014_2015/ER1920141504_Takats_et_Molgaard.pdf" target="_blank">Takáts & Mølgaard</a>. Where this article was focussing on the Balkanic taxa, a next <a href="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7798" target="_blank">article by Verovnik & Wiemers</a> soon followed focussing on a wider scope. Out of that research it became clear that the above taxon was not really related to the Turkish <i>P. mniszechiiI.</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Pseudochazara tisiphone </i>from Albania</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Pseudochazara amalthea</i> (Frivaldszky, 1845)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Out of the same <i>Pseudochazara </i>research it became clear that <i>P. amalthea </i>from the Balkanic mainland was distinct from the nominate <i>P. anthelea</i> from the Greek Islands and Turkey.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pseudochazara amalthea </i>from Albania</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Erebia arvernensis</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Oberthür, 1908 & </span><i>Erebia neleus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> (Freyer, 1832)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Erebia cassioides s.l.</i> seems to consist of three closely related but molecularly different taxa. <i>Erebia arvernensis </i>from the Western Alps to Spain, <i>Erebia cassioides</i> in the Eastern Alps and the Italian peninsula and <i>Erebia neleus </i>in the Balkan. The main base for this split can be found in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13127-016-0282-6" target="_blank">this article</a>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh68quiOpGeg1MyiFI7nJV6Oy0E4aydWouO0vbVmML08VF1nDZ59lQ0vZp9avN68K_CSzdsxXsDdFwVmLTh3nLdaVIBtnezYvbX_yeTlb8BYvzU9svLIP9uLwSn2dlr23B8j5spH6WHK3Jv/s1600/Erebia+cassioides+2013+08+07+coll+d%2527allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh68quiOpGeg1MyiFI7nJV6Oy0E4aydWouO0vbVmML08VF1nDZ59lQ0vZp9avN68K_CSzdsxXsDdFwVmLTh3nLdaVIBtnezYvbX_yeTlb8BYvzU9svLIP9uLwSn2dlr23B8j5spH6WHK3Jv/s320/Erebia+cassioides+2013+08+07+coll+d%2527allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Erebia arvernensis</i> in the French Alps</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br /><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Melitaea celadussa </span></i></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Fruhstorfer, 1910 </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Apart from small differences in the genitalia the southwestern representatives from the <i>Melitaea athalia </i>complex seem to be genetically different as well, see <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/97/2/346/2448011" target="_blank">following article</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Melitaea celadussa</i> (Drôme, France)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Melitaea ornata </i>Christoph, 1893</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The populations with red headed larvar in the <i>M. phoebe</i> complex seem to consist out of multiple species, the one in Europe is now called <i>M. ornata</i> while <i>M. telona</i> is confined to the Middle East</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPXu3WPh18Q8jIlo9b3GqcvOutQ6G7xxwcnA1zvFNWTih3hIHlKfo9tdsypB04_Rnp6lMNG1KlxsvLUFF3QlMrw1vVYTMPjXnh9OS7nlzWnbxIRwycfP9GwYO4pWgk7s_uYqZWX8IsCTHS/s1600/Melitaea+telona+2014+07+13+Orvilos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPXu3WPh18Q8jIlo9b3GqcvOutQ6G7xxwcnA1zvFNWTih3hIHlKfo9tdsypB04_Rnp6lMNG1KlxsvLUFF3QlMrw1vVYTMPjXnh9OS7nlzWnbxIRwycfP9GwYO4pWgk7s_uYqZWX8IsCTHS/s320/Melitaea+telona+2014+07+13+Orvilos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Melitaea ornata</i> in Greece</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u>- Name changes: these changes can involve 3 types of changes</u></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Re-evaluation of the species name</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Especially in older names there can always be some discussion on what name was published first.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pyrgus foulquieri</i> (Oberthür, 1910)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">As descriptions of both <i>Syrichtus alveus f. foulquieri</i> and <i>Syrichtus alveus f. bellieri</i> were published simultaneously (Oberthür, 1910), the name used by the first reviser (i. e. Rebel 1914), <i>Pyrgus foulquieri</i>, should therefore be used.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Proterebia phegea</i> (Borkhausen, 1788)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Another long known enigmatic species whose nomenclature has been subject for discussion since long time. The name <i>Papilio afer</i> was already in use for an African species of Nymphalid when Esper named this taxon as such. So the next name that pops up is <i>Papilio phegea</i> Borkhausen, 1788.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pseudochazara mercurius</i> (Staudinger, 1887)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This taxon only reaches Europe in the very southeast of European Russia on the slopes of the southern Ural. It was long known as <i>Pseudochazara hippolyte</i> and the Iberian <i>P. williamsi</i> was long considered a subspecies of it but was already considered full species in the previous FE checklist. <i>P. hippolyte </i>seems to be an unvalid name so the next name that pops up to describe this taxon is <i>Pseudochazara mercurius</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Re-evalution of the genus/subgenus</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Especially in the Lycaenidae several former subgenera have been reinstated as genus, especially in the large genera Plebejus and Polyommatus. This descision is based <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00421.x" target="_blank">on this research</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Following species of Lycaenids are concerned:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Chilades galba ---> Luthrodes galba</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Chilades trochylus ---> Freyeria trochylus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus orbitulus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> ---> </span><i>Agriades orbitulus</i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus optilete</i> ---> <i>Agriades optilete</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus pyrenaicus ---> Agriades pyrenaicus</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus dardanus ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Agriades dardanus</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus zullichi ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Agriades zullichi</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus glandon ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Agriades glandon</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus aquilo ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Agriades aquilo</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus loewii ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Plebejidea loewii</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Aricia eumedon</i> ---> <i>Eumedonia eumedon</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus psylorite ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania psylorita</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus hespercia ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania hesperica</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus eurypilus ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania eurypilus</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus trappi ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania trappi</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus sephirus ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania sephirus</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Plebejus pylaon ---> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Kretania pylaon</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus cyane </i>---> <i>Glabroculus cyane</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus coelestinus </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">---> </span><i>Neolysandra coelestina</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> hispana </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra hispana</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> corydonius </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra corydonius </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> bellargus </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra bellargus </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> coridon </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra coridon</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> caelestissima </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra caelestissima</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i> albicans </i></span><i>---> </i><i>Lysandra albicans</i></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzNXNacxZOMzwMtVRXXf6P4Uq_LZca0U5Ro7yVhVKhIfMOmAZg9PwrbYf4ps7T29Hzw1IYgb_KbtxtrYgcgOVg6FFo4X1vVYMYtzJxiq6JKPB_DEciLNVpgtPWcibjsy-5Lca9fJtPToxk/s1600/Chilades+galba+2018+08+12+Vashlovani+%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzNXNacxZOMzwMtVRXXf6P4Uq_LZca0U5Ro7yVhVKhIfMOmAZg9PwrbYf4ps7T29Hzw1IYgb_KbtxtrYgcgOVg6FFo4X1vVYMYtzJxiq6JKPB_DEciLNVpgtPWcibjsy-5Lca9fJtPToxk/s320/Chilades+galba+2018+08+12+Vashlovani+%25282%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i style="text-align: left;">Luthrodes galba</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">But also in the genus <i>Argynnis</i> there are some changes. Mainly based on <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/syen.12236" target="_blank">following article</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Argynnis aglaja ---> </i>Speyeria aglaja</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Argynnis elisa ---> </i>Fabriciana elisa</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Argynnis niobe ---> </i>Fabriciana niobe</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Argynnis adippe ---> </i>Fabriciana adippe</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwsJ7_aY8ASjbZUcn_sJb0b_2c1jQlKWwXWkI0Tq6sccVp3e2eRRjYLueaoQXte-El9jUSTkuzjhdSDmzS1lVlROWZccmKckQ3S32dQOJB4EG5nA-KK4nTcHmMOtz_9mmAVsb4MgPBKlf/s1600/Argynnis+aglaja+2017+06+03+Othe+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwsJ7_aY8ASjbZUcn_sJb0b_2c1jQlKWwXWkI0Tq6sccVp3e2eRRjYLueaoQXte-El9jUSTkuzjhdSDmzS1lVlROWZccmKckQ3S32dQOJB4EG5nA-KK4nTcHmMOtz_9mmAVsb4MgPBKlf/s320/Argynnis+aglaja+2017+06+03+Othe+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Speyeria aglaja</i> seems to be more related to the N-American genus <i>Speyeria </i>than to <i>Argynnis s.l.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Some small changes in the gender of species names</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIw2SMEFCBaJuiVxXMZ-qQg7MKS6AsBKWZeDueCSes4lTVHIkPNK3ZiKaG3H7230HqxyarvR3rUl1dbMZy1irUxugkXfedaUJvkWtRihTSiDZxrdyd1HSw39e793mlI9PNfM6yA7qu0jFK/s1600/Colias+croceus+2018+09+02+Langdorp+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIw2SMEFCBaJuiVxXMZ-qQg7MKS6AsBKWZeDueCSes4lTVHIkPNK3ZiKaG3H7230HqxyarvR3rUl1dbMZy1irUxugkXfedaUJvkWtRihTSiDZxrdyd1HSw39e793mlI9PNfM6yA7qu0jFK/s320/Colias+croceus+2018+09+02+Langdorp+%25281%2529.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Several species have got a different gender to their species names. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">For example <i>Colias croce<u>us</u></i> has become <i>Colias croce<u>a</u>. </i>For a full list I refer to the original article.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Taxa no longer considered valid </span></u></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Polyommatus eleniae </i></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Coutsis & De Prins, 2005</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In 2005 2 species from the brown <i>Agrodiaetus</i> subgenus complex were described within a few months time, one from NE Greece but the first one was found not that far across the border in S Bulgaria, <i>Polyommatus orphicus</i> Kolev, 2005. Recent genetic research (see earlier with <i>Polyommatus timfristos) </i>confirms these taxa to be one species.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmLbzRVf3vWu7zCWoZS_uWQD9sA1jXXgDOgX5aLNShtdP-BtaU5Ujgy7z-4Hbdf8VXG8FEhBxodXN7EPkwF1XKi6bUpItLtffA0U19iS4LYiB4PsKxeqSLVbGH0j9FtMnL8Wsw9KafoKX/s1600/Polyommatus+eleniae+2014+07+13+Orvilos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmLbzRVf3vWu7zCWoZS_uWQD9sA1jXXgDOgX5aLNShtdP-BtaU5Ujgy7z-4Hbdf8VXG8FEhBxodXN7EPkwF1XKi6bUpItLtffA0U19iS4LYiB4PsKxeqSLVbGH0j9FtMnL8Wsw9KafoKX/s320/Polyommatus+eleniae+2014+07+13+Orvilos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Polyommatus </i><i><strike>eleniae</strike> orphicus</i>, found in NE Greece</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u>- Some remarks on possible changes that didn't make it in the article</u></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">This new checklist offers butterfly researchers & conservationists a stable list again to go on for a few years so they don't need to stay stuck to the knowledge from 20 years ago and butterfly research and conservation . </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">But this ofcourse doesn't mean that butterfly taxonomy is settled and there isn't anything left we can learn. There are still some older taxa with unclear status remaining in the checklist such as </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pieris balcana</i> & other taxa in the <i>P. napi</i> complex or </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Erebia sthennyo</i> (see <a href="http://www.soceurlep.eu/uploads/nota/bd30_2/06_Cupedo.pdf" target="_blank">for example</a>). </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">On the other side of the discussion the last few years saw lots of new research arise discovering more cryptic diversity in European butterflies but in lots of cases the exact relationships between genetic lineages still have to be unentangled. So when time's ready, be prepared for more taxonomical finetuning of European butterfly fauna</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Rypwz0OT9kX3sRvn1BKg8mE3dHWE0aDMkZNsL3T6x-IbJvvLAnKvYJRi9iJdG24okQVMwK6cRaM9QwKQsqXQrosf4fpvhFatM7STvmxz4s2J20erMqxu5ZOkT1FqZDErYvtQQocHIXA1/s1600/Pyrgus+armoricanus+2014+09+22+Moulis+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Rypwz0OT9kX3sRvn1BKg8mE3dHWE0aDMkZNsL3T6x-IbJvvLAnKvYJRi9iJdG24okQVMwK6cRaM9QwKQsqXQrosf4fpvhFatM7STvmxz4s2J20erMqxu5ZOkT1FqZDErYvtQQocHIXA1/s320/Pyrgus+armoricanus+2014+09+22+Moulis+%25281%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Pyrgus armoricanus </i>is one of the taxa that possibly is in fact a complex of 2 species</span></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-56960783597850172202018-04-13T19:42:00.001+02:002018-04-13T19:45:18.778+02:00Early spring in S France<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Last week I spent some time in Southern France. Unfortunately weather wasn't very favorable for butterfly watching so I had to cancel some of my plans due to predicted torrential rainfall. I have missed out on some targets because of that but still have enough to share.</span><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Zerynthia polyxena</b></span></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Two of my primary targets were the two festoon species present in S France. I had seen <i>Zerynthia polyxena</i> sensu lato a few years earlier in Sicily but recently it became clear that the populations in Italy south of the river Po are different enough - genetically as well as in the male genitalia - to be threated as a seperate species, <i>Zerynthia cassandra</i> (see <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227499869_Speciation_in_Mediterranean_refugia_and_post-glacial_expansion_of_Zerynthia_polyxena_Lepidoptera_Papilionidae" target="_blank">this article</a> and see here <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/161811907@N06/albums/72157662083330167/with/38499633205/" target="_blank">for pictures</a>). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">So it was time to see <i>Z. polyxena</i> ss. and I was lucky enough to find some individuals in the low plains of the Camargue. Second picture shows the local suspected larval foodplant <i>Aristolochia rotunda</i>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghXpWiL1IPXONpIp-MAS8PFj-3LFxzM178hja-H2Qn53UDZmXpj5P0Vumza3uUJeUaeRtq91-6V1gwV4HM3YPsuwxldcL-9edyYNpWliE3_9zKNtMGKs4gRizkloNHCvcyGvhBJrYU6wxC/s1600/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%25285%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghXpWiL1IPXONpIp-MAS8PFj-3LFxzM178hja-H2Qn53UDZmXpj5P0Vumza3uUJeUaeRtq91-6V1gwV4HM3YPsuwxldcL-9edyYNpWliE3_9zKNtMGKs4gRizkloNHCvcyGvhBJrYU6wxC/s400/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%25285%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgppiHe_-QoH4gSVSDw7F8iW4uY_5Hm5kjacuJ5Cog33sj378vHdwvuQVGOW7dh9y7vZf55sJqOPXEbHNQnR2K9unZB1tfhKeV96sQDkRGG9jAQ-Zjz5v0jXRexKD8GCHUx9nLsGkTGBy6F/s1600/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%252810%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgppiHe_-QoH4gSVSDw7F8iW4uY_5Hm5kjacuJ5Cog33sj378vHdwvuQVGOW7dh9y7vZf55sJqOPXEbHNQnR2K9unZB1tfhKeV96sQDkRGG9jAQ-Zjz5v0jXRexKD8GCHUx9nLsGkTGBy6F/s400/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%252810%2529.JPG" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbDsbsibC5YzPftg0ndiOzKH6_U3XSTc4u18ELOSwxXBO-bUqhETUATWxxwXZiO-pX8E_zbD4Dhy1mTQTgQv6Y_VCaJlkCLF869RNMgPnviRrnYHf3EEuCUVDVh8Y8AkXeg_M4th968g5B/s1600/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%252819%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbDsbsibC5YzPftg0ndiOzKH6_U3XSTc4u18ELOSwxXBO-bUqhETUATWxxwXZiO-pX8E_zbD4Dhy1mTQTgQv6Y_VCaJlkCLF869RNMgPnviRrnYHf3EEuCUVDVh8Y8AkXeg_M4th968g5B/s400/Zerynthia+polyxena+2018+04+08+Arles+%252819%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Zerynthia rumina</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This species seems to favor more hilly and rocky terrain than the previous and I found some individuals N of Perpignan. Its distribution spreads from northern Africa to S France. Last picture again shows the larval foodplant, <i>Aristolochia rotunda</i>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC_g4f8daKF2rJt2PeLWRt9qZSnMc_ac5SI9-Bc21SmgDw1ktof_MQrp3po5qudJnvfUMHMhaHR0KcQNzLLJjnLEiGIuVdEOAZ6kgspaSNgI3yG7wGZI7BO_xDtTvffgeo9EHbc4eDKMj2/s1600/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC_g4f8daKF2rJt2PeLWRt9qZSnMc_ac5SI9-Bc21SmgDw1ktof_MQrp3po5qudJnvfUMHMhaHR0KcQNzLLJjnLEiGIuVdEOAZ6kgspaSNgI3yG7wGZI7BO_xDtTvffgeo9EHbc4eDKMj2/s400/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25282%2529.JPG" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9HFQLAJhAfjJvBdcMZf_pNI1mYoJW69i1CcQdiqvCZeovgO-FSBdSFMz7dpDGq0d9zEMrwMtd-0N7NyJGVaDh4UwxfH2mDlQssVyAv2leg74dqk4VWCgz6YEySfn-9bqeux0bsRxBs52F/s1600/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25283%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9HFQLAJhAfjJvBdcMZf_pNI1mYoJW69i1CcQdiqvCZeovgO-FSBdSFMz7dpDGq0d9zEMrwMtd-0N7NyJGVaDh4UwxfH2mDlQssVyAv2leg74dqk4VWCgz6YEySfn-9bqeux0bsRxBs52F/s400/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25283%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4GBGOuH7fvV_M4JoEkOhLuT79_ggJebBdO1Lp5SscSASG8VG40voGHJCw6Hbvt-XMEjJVbpZcI_TKFU8PFDDHA56IaW3K6mDbIztKx0uBezPO53epgJaz6B7QmMHGRcB0WJuo63HbPe4y/s1600/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25286%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4GBGOuH7fvV_M4JoEkOhLuT79_ggJebBdO1Lp5SscSASG8VG40voGHJCw6Hbvt-XMEjJVbpZcI_TKFU8PFDDHA56IaW3K6mDbIztKx0uBezPO53epgJaz6B7QmMHGRcB0WJuo63HbPe4y/s400/Zerynthia+rumina+2018+04+09+Salses-le-Ch%25C3%25A2teau+%25286%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><b>Euchloe tagis</b></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This as well is a species with a distribution from Tuscany and S France to N Africa with some regional variation. This variation has lead to the description of several subspecies, in S France we are talking about the well patterned subspecies <i>bellezina</i>. Unlike its common look-a-like <i>Euchloe crameri</i> it is local and only to be found on calcareous, rocky locations with the larval foodplant <i>Iberis</i> species in abundance.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNbJEFJSfONKkuCFriyudv3J9Kx4mbg398cBItc_izauz26DGC_YUpcyLEuhOSIphFDqAb6d2XqpCJ9-Ic-vhpvNRB9ml48_Q45eKiEQVfjzCkv4QXhk-3KX5o3lrNVIBhiy2_YdpEgC3N/s1600/Euchloe+tagis+bellezina+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNbJEFJSfONKkuCFriyudv3J9Kx4mbg398cBItc_izauz26DGC_YUpcyLEuhOSIphFDqAb6d2XqpCJ9-Ic-vhpvNRB9ml48_Q45eKiEQVfjzCkv4QXhk-3KX5o3lrNVIBhiy2_YdpEgC3N/s400/Euchloe+tagis+bellezina+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25282%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoRwkIpr-eDO_haznhfD5ezb6QxyyI9SQk3YLr0nDpvnc7Cq7U0gu1A31kVIJtKoh8cw06GsdCfDcKh_ZM7uv4NQGschCuGuwP5llT_VJ8Ic6tO40dYyjtbApjBYq15GzN3-D3lYUFBvVx/s1600/Euchloe+tagis+bellezina+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25288%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoRwkIpr-eDO_haznhfD5ezb6QxyyI9SQk3YLr0nDpvnc7Cq7U0gu1A31kVIJtKoh8cw06GsdCfDcKh_ZM7uv4NQGschCuGuwP5llT_VJ8Ic6tO40dYyjtbApjBYq15GzN3-D3lYUFBvVx/s400/Euchloe+tagis+bellezina+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25288%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCpPUTB9nxkXnbmGxTMUdeJq_6UmBK_XndWTe8D-414E4LDeXyv0HqT3OBNxQN5ANKNu9soFFfPjfNA6TdnwgnseAUdfHbaRRU5_ZvnT9y83ZSbMHipRIJ4Ey8fKB9_n7MXFthYRpXuvxr/s1600/Iberis+species+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCpPUTB9nxkXnbmGxTMUdeJq_6UmBK_XndWTe8D-414E4LDeXyv0HqT3OBNxQN5ANKNu9soFFfPjfNA6TdnwgnseAUdfHbaRRU5_ZvnT9y83ZSbMHipRIJ4Ey8fKB9_n7MXFthYRpXuvxr/s400/Iberis+species+2018+04+07+Est%25C3%25A9zargues+%25281%2529.JPG" width="300" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Iberis</i> species observed on this location</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><b>Anthocharis euphenoides</b></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">I had seen this species before in Spain but was then unable to make pictures of it. Present from Iberia to S Italy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><i>Callophrys avis</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This is another western Mediterranean specialist, <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/callophrys-avis.html" target="_blank">local in S France</a>. Although the more common <i>Callophrys rubi</i> can certainly be seen on it the trick to find this species is definetly to search on or nearby the larval foodplant, <i>Arbutus unedo</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This last picture shows <i>Callophrys rubi</i> on an <i>Arbutus unedo</i> plant, check however the white </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">bordering the eyes. This is white in <i>C. rubi</i> but reddish brown in <i>C. avis</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><b>Pseudophilotes baton</b></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This one gets an entry on this page because of these nice individuals from the taxon <i>'praepanoptes'</i> that form a transition between <i>P. baton</i> & <i>P. panoptes</i> in the Pyrenées Orientales. </span></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-40690847543403470252017-08-30T20:24:00.001+02:002017-08-30T20:24:14.983+02:00Romania - Eastern Transylvania & the foothills of the eastern Carpathians<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
After visiting Dobrogea we headed back NW to visit some grassland habitats at the foothills of the Eastern Carpathians (800-1000m). Along the way we stopped here & there to have a quick scan of the butterfly fauna.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoXlbLtGlQnuXRPSoJ5pkIcy4hG4LTu96Ok9yMlLpJVwcXW8zrD8QamEQ2u9Lub5eLVVx5qKrv6mIrdD1OH9HjIEhG0Czwpdi1wRyL0em5pkTI4i6I7n_oRv9jVKRa2uYQXuHQNNhNzfz/s1600/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoXlbLtGlQnuXRPSoJ5pkIcy4hG4LTu96Ok9yMlLpJVwcXW8zrD8QamEQ2u9Lub5eLVVx5qKrv6mIrdD1OH9HjIEhG0Czwpdi1wRyL0em5pkTI4i6I7n_oRv9jVKRa2uYQXuHQNNhNzfz/s640/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7oHJMkPR_n2dcTFRyd2wBUIrwIv4omnKjWpeURV3Z-v-4-PBUVaGqwJ5Y1wMA82oUZdHg8B-WJ4T4jz2LnyZXnSDWH-Mz40HOGp-gCAE8Y2JHO8R9_6zcm_8ADf_bmmcHworU-2BzGqBz/s1600/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7oHJMkPR_n2dcTFRyd2wBUIrwIv4omnKjWpeURV3Z-v-4-PBUVaGqwJ5Y1wMA82oUZdHg8B-WJ4T4jz2LnyZXnSDWH-Mz40HOGp-gCAE8Y2JHO8R9_6zcm_8ADf_bmmcHworU-2BzGqBz/s640/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena dispar</i>, males</div>
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In a lower valley (250m) still on the east side of the Carpathians.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2tblRF0gZ4OWi6abOyna3wi_i3eKOvz8icYkKbo9gMfWZi46uQMhtlWbf7BNVfrQyIeUA1j2OdC2hew4VOFhbNhF9nQuOV47hFoT42LrwVrhAx6inHP4Qi3fb9ZByOtyZEpXYwk3ieW9D/s1600/Lycaena+virgaureae+2017+08+09+Fagetel+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2tblRF0gZ4OWi6abOyna3wi_i3eKOvz8icYkKbo9gMfWZi46uQMhtlWbf7BNVfrQyIeUA1j2OdC2hew4VOFhbNhF9nQuOV47hFoT42LrwVrhAx6inHP4Qi3fb9ZByOtyZEpXYwk3ieW9D/s640/Lycaena+virgaureae+2017+08+09+Fagetel+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena virgaureae</i>, male</div>
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Higher up in the Carpathians (950m) this fiery beauty flew around. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_fKcn2lM_arAEn3R8HlTYn1ABM_TA-XHb4LhVYlEh3AeXqLa63eI-hKbRioDsTmS3-VTJ3wvyPN0-eIIBGUypToIBm6ftw0XHiPxKdErRju_8JQckDYGI67nOwGgWPlGW-2SUA3_ZwEfI/s1600/Nymphalis+antiopa+2017+08+09+Fagetel+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_fKcn2lM_arAEn3R8HlTYn1ABM_TA-XHb4LhVYlEh3AeXqLa63eI-hKbRioDsTmS3-VTJ3wvyPN0-eIIBGUypToIBm6ftw0XHiPxKdErRju_8JQckDYGI67nOwGgWPlGW-2SUA3_ZwEfI/s640/Nymphalis+antiopa+2017+08+09+Fagetel+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Nymphalis antiopa</i></div>
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Several seen and all very fresh early august.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeaBzsqM2IiD24BjkrZZGX3_O8zJLGeHTydn9P4J7Ux4fPJD1jtqrV4ctSSRvxIkuY-aiWyeP0vfzWRFrRYa1IifYmhr4cKhYZYJTkkuocGAkHfBtTTJ_qEouRnsF8CfaqTss1YgQUfWyW/s1600/Coenonympha+glycerion+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeaBzsqM2IiD24BjkrZZGX3_O8zJLGeHTydn9P4J7Ux4fPJD1jtqrV4ctSSRvxIkuY-aiWyeP0vfzWRFrRYa1IifYmhr4cKhYZYJTkkuocGAkHfBtTTJ_qEouRnsF8CfaqTss1YgQUfWyW/s640/Coenonympha+glycerion+2017+08+09+Bogdana+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coenonympha glycerion</i></div>
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On lower grasslands, E of the Carpathians and in central Transylvania. All relatively fresh, I don't know if these are belated ones (as in the W part of its distribution this species flies in June - early July) or if this species has a second generation here.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL7tzCJU1_QBv9md1yjrY2CwRSUQFJBjoUmggnZIwAusj60vKVpecVDro-ftFdDTjIKg7m9vow9LPFptYbHmJSvnRTLcZcXCjmIhHkcHxDZnG7DSILmQeorJyFTfhlviWtSMme_vYd2nb3/s1600/Minois+dryas+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL7tzCJU1_QBv9md1yjrY2CwRSUQFJBjoUmggnZIwAusj60vKVpecVDro-ftFdDTjIKg7m9vow9LPFptYbHmJSvnRTLcZcXCjmIhHkcHxDZnG7DSILmQeorJyFTfhlviWtSMme_vYd2nb3/s640/Minois+dryas+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Minois dryas</i></div>
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On the nicer grasslands one of the most common butterflies</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7tPGy_gTXmm86_Gh4K-ObvlOuZrbxAbnURAh1TOdpK_JNKOzhAZ3cIscr_ZeqcMEssfzyRtz-CgO3DWdAvWy4Ya4AYHsfMH0C-rsFU4EHCp0BFicXEEdTGYXbu_rtTfbj0xr9ZVKpV7kL/s1600/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7tPGy_gTXmm86_Gh4K-ObvlOuZrbxAbnURAh1TOdpK_JNKOzhAZ3cIscr_ZeqcMEssfzyRtz-CgO3DWdAvWy4Ya4AYHsfMH0C-rsFU4EHCp0BFicXEEdTGYXbu_rtTfbj0xr9ZVKpV7kL/s640/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias myrmidone</i>, female</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy4825L8XiccKthdqfDs-zRUnQ_KowhXJzfdiP3WdlNZjH-KxSV1P_ydZmWaSm7JTW_6EHhS4oXVUdUab0dtUVV1dHXyontKIyIn8Lhmk9jDOkWVpYhXWCL5ZunkmUyjyaacMzMEzV84KG/s1600/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy4825L8XiccKthdqfDs-zRUnQ_KowhXJzfdiP3WdlNZjH-KxSV1P_ydZmWaSm7JTW_6EHhS4oXVUdUab0dtUVV1dHXyontKIyIn8Lhmk9jDOkWVpYhXWCL5ZunkmUyjyaacMzMEzV84KG/s640/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25285%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias myrmidone</i>, male in flight showing the absence of pale veins in the dark band on the frontwing and showing the very slender dark band on the hindwing. The colour on the upperside is much brighter than in <i>C. croceus</i> giving it an almost fluorescent appearance in the field.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi75cdNfc6bS-MbSZggck2ZAqoBPR1Lr5lS2P9E5NLviwhCy7bjxrco0DichDWuRUvymQ7zRqOEzaI2rq5BC5EKMXbA_Hkemkbwwls_3QqSglXWKdLqL6tUt9N75e23zUe7132P2-fZ8w1p/s1600/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25288%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi75cdNfc6bS-MbSZggck2ZAqoBPR1Lr5lS2P9E5NLviwhCy7bjxrco0DichDWuRUvymQ7zRqOEzaI2rq5BC5EKMXbA_Hkemkbwwls_3QqSglXWKdLqL6tUt9N75e23zUe7132P2-fZ8w1p/s640/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25288%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias myrmidone</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrhJpXB-mzjS2oDfigsbU28pWOk7bjNAW47Sfhk1Tg44jPr5CytTQOry-0FsTILOHkAyrgev69xfWzRMtUvgPhCEvfE99r0GR6VT37C2aB5m0vhiJ9w7RUhM0oBGW31I9S8-EPZdT6JHna/s1600/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25289%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrhJpXB-mzjS2oDfigsbU28pWOk7bjNAW47Sfhk1Tg44jPr5CytTQOry-0FsTILOHkAyrgev69xfWzRMtUvgPhCEvfE99r0GR6VT37C2aB5m0vhiJ9w7RUhM0oBGW31I9S8-EPZdT6JHna/s640/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25289%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias myrmidone</i>, female</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSwIYP3Dxr00vbAaAtovZ5-14XjtJ9FLn6aXQP7f09Dc-QeO-db_r53s1orRNJHJo1HuAxtPjbCebHdkRQkJhweuMloSxefvyUuVYlIhLjbYASf8GITXASfqvPIYhlxLPYXfU6GEaiLvz/s1600/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%252812%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSwIYP3Dxr00vbAaAtovZ5-14XjtJ9FLn6aXQP7f09Dc-QeO-db_r53s1orRNJHJo1HuAxtPjbCebHdkRQkJhweuMloSxefvyUuVYlIhLjbYASf8GITXASfqvPIYhlxLPYXfU6GEaiLvz/s640/Colias+myrmidone+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%252812%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias myrmidone</i>, female (L) & male (R) in flight. </div>
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The large pale spots in the marginal band of the female are obvious and the male is showing absence of pale veins, slender black edging to hindwing with the impression of pale spots on the innerside of the black edging and fluorescent orange ground color.</div>
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My number one target for this trip was to see <i>Colias myrmidone</i>. This species has got a tremendous backfall during the last decades. Until the late nineties the distribution reached into the eastern part of Germany, the last observation there however was made in 2000. The species has disapeared as well out of Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary and probably Bulgaria. The situation in Slowakia is unclear to me, could still be there but I have not seen any recent information. Also in Poland the situation is unclear, possibly still present in the east of the country. Romania seems to be the stronghold for the species in the EU and because of the big decrease in such a short period the species is listed as "Critically Endangered" on the EU27 red list. The reasons for the decrease are still a bit unclear but most probably changes in land management have a big hand in this. The species is dependent on thriving growth of the larval foodplant <i>Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis</i> and this plant grows mainly on grasslands on a specific point in succession in the beginning of afforestation. Intensification under the form of large scale mowing has a negative effect on the foodplant growth and abandonement leads to too much afforestation making other plants overgrowing the larval foodplant. Traditional mowing practices leaving parts of grasslands unmowed and extensive grazing practices are still common in some parts of Romania giving chances to <i>C. myrmidone. </i>And with the large decrease of the species in Europe some of the Romanian grasslands are now protected areas so lets hope this is enough to stop the further decrease of the species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtzlAkyod0x42LQuiy1UJODX2WKZiwrhGWH2_ZiNA7XK2jeE5Nxjw9Rql_JrYSl9U0aP0-XPDW2zPOF8PmyDeZQ-JehrNbrTe-qQUjPvjNw8Acsb4J5K_GNC9TuLIycLBymIzKpPb4hWOB/s1600/Habitat+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1200" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtzlAkyod0x42LQuiy1UJODX2WKZiwrhGWH2_ZiNA7XK2jeE5Nxjw9Rql_JrYSl9U0aP0-XPDW2zPOF8PmyDeZQ-JehrNbrTe-qQUjPvjNw8Acsb4J5K_GNC9TuLIycLBymIzKpPb4hWOB/s640/Habitat+2017+08+10+Gheorgheni+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Habitat at the foothills of the Eastern Carpathians (900-1000m)</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-10681470012897534342017-08-29T20:02:00.003+02:002017-08-29T20:14:15.263+02:00Romania - Dobrogea: plains, wetlands & oak forests<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Dobrogea is the Romanian coastal region stretching from the Bulgarian to the Ukranian border. it is organised in a southern county Constanta & a northern county Tulcea. Both are named after their respective main city.<br />
We visited some coastal plains, salt marshes and lower hills from the north of the county Constanta until just south of the Danube delta; we visited some old open oak forests and ajacent grasslands near Babadag & in the foothills of the Macin Mountains (<500m) and we visited the Danube delta so to make it easy I will divide the pictures in 3 parts: (1) plains, (2) oak forests & (3) Danube delta.<br />
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<u>Plains</u><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBeW3eZoneIQpMhbL6HE61mocgzcuUJxmjMc08JAB_Yef5Xzwu7TJb3JVDJz0EqrxQ-r4GLYmewU4W5eIpgx9rqRN5_9furMR6OpE2oxSmXJ7Jpf_Bzn0W682g7LfJkWuuWlZKqkYToGz/s1600/Papilio+machaon+2017+08+03+Enisala+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBeW3eZoneIQpMhbL6HE61mocgzcuUJxmjMc08JAB_Yef5Xzwu7TJb3JVDJz0EqrxQ-r4GLYmewU4W5eIpgx9rqRN5_9furMR6OpE2oxSmXJ7Jpf_Bzn0W682g7LfJkWuuWlZKqkYToGz/s640/Papilio+machaon+2017+08+03+Enisala+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Papilio machaon</i>, some hilltops near Enisala held nice amounts of hilltopping males of this species</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77Ynd_F-QSCzS-_WEtb65Ti7gPxidSfOE-n1Gl5l8z-5Yzh4o-jNsyvYUSwb2TfqTk1_cnBKneoz43HYJH_DkAo767A7xDmL8aBiBKIlwxoSzOBvK7IDiJDk6D3bZ12MbfdSiH84ckIM_/s1600/Colias+erate+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77Ynd_F-QSCzS-_WEtb65Ti7gPxidSfOE-n1Gl5l8z-5Yzh4o-jNsyvYUSwb2TfqTk1_cnBKneoz43HYJH_DkAo767A7xDmL8aBiBKIlwxoSzOBvK7IDiJDk6D3bZ12MbfdSiH84ckIM_/s640/Colias+erate+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxdvaPelirOpYrQoU0PGiCiWq9WXh_OkFBWuYE1tUj6rmTi3xXkEKSsw2WyWatR2Thq4Oi-0F0GxSxNIf-U4zncnaVjFuCY3eMQXijwHSRNWaWWbTIQcMP-hI9cjNuiTMckbbNvYRWo-Ul/s1600/Colias+erate+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxdvaPelirOpYrQoU0PGiCiWq9WXh_OkFBWuYE1tUj6rmTi3xXkEKSsw2WyWatR2Thq4Oi-0F0GxSxNIf-U4zncnaVjFuCY3eMQXijwHSRNWaWWbTIQcMP-hI9cjNuiTMckbbNvYRWo-Ul/s640/Colias+erate+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Colias erate</i></div>
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A rather common species near the coast. Most of them were clearly lemon yellow (like these two, a fresh and an abraded male). Interestingly up to 20% of them (rough estimate) however held a variable amount of an orangeish tinge, fainter than in <i>C. croceus</i>. I caught one real orange one as well, to check in the hand, and that male looked phenotypically just like W-European <i>C. croceus</i> (including a clear androconial patch on the hindwing). There is some discussion whether these orangeish individuals are hybrids/intergrades between <i>C. erate</i> & <i>C. croceus</i> with some "non-believers" saying all can be explained by interspecific variation of both species (and indeed, on the Azores for example you have the whole range of <i>C. croceus</i> from pure orange to lemon yellow without any <i>C. erate</i> being in the next 5000km). The fact however that <a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/278/1704/347" target="_blank">both species share COI mitochondrial DNA</a><span id="goog_1133654179"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1133654180"></span> suggests that there is or has been at least some introgression between these two taxa. Also the amount of orangeish colored C. erate seems to be considerably higher in the western part of the distribution where the distribution overlaps with C. croceus, again suggesting hybridisation at some level. Hybridisation is not such a rare event in butterflies and has been described in a lot of species (up to <a href="https://mallet.oeb.harvard.edu/files/malletlab/files/descimonmallet09_print.pdf" target="_blank">16% of European butterfly fauna</a> is known to hybridise to some extent!), sometimes anekdotical but in some cases also on a higher, stable level (fe. in <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01813.x/abstract" target="_blank"><i>Papilio machaon</i>/<i>P. hospiton</i></a>).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYazDnoQK6gxsNj-QRocTsf_-4e8KVtHAa8P1HwRdbOfZ7VB9M7iI1r_Xbfs80YKpIiK7N7OPn2ywOIU3BCLMXy5pJ8S0viJhMqm_QJDtAWYnHpItvM5LZqoH1JuOhf8MInojPurXnYxwq/s1600/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYazDnoQK6gxsNj-QRocTsf_-4e8KVtHAa8P1HwRdbOfZ7VB9M7iI1r_Xbfs80YKpIiK7N7OPn2ywOIU3BCLMXy5pJ8S0viJhMqm_QJDtAWYnHpItvM5LZqoH1JuOhf8MInojPurXnYxwq/s640/Lycaena+dispar+2017+08+03+Vadu+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena dispar</i> in coastal marshes</div>
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<u>Oak forests near Babadag and the foothills of Macin Mountains</u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU5gODO_YHVrpyzmGHJc7WS6s_RS_z_a616hXXNGuMKe6ukDHZ76L_2qvf-8FTzXB3XRXyw7vK7VATSdyB6KrZMTq9gQ5pRoPoLE8zkP5rWpSOW2P1OhEEbam5oalx5ybKaGGFWak9n36C/s1600/Habitat+2017+08+08+Greci+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1600" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU5gODO_YHVrpyzmGHJc7WS6s_RS_z_a616hXXNGuMKe6ukDHZ76L_2qvf-8FTzXB3XRXyw7vK7VATSdyB6KrZMTq9gQ5pRoPoLE8zkP5rWpSOW2P1OhEEbam5oalx5ybKaGGFWak9n36C/s640/Habitat+2017+08+08+Greci+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Habitat at the foothills of Macin mountains</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhseRJZ9bvfIDeKac8g86TKgKwxw5R65Fv4MstUh2VZriRDKtIyt9y85PGxScyjFTEpmU9xuk0Tmq5Yes_88DCtOMO2E6bXdPh_fzNdtJT6wsL-h2O462NyjhKq8GyTH-jbQ798GCbVlOUK/s1600/Argynnis+pandora+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhseRJZ9bvfIDeKac8g86TKgKwxw5R65Fv4MstUh2VZriRDKtIyt9y85PGxScyjFTEpmU9xuk0Tmq5Yes_88DCtOMO2E6bXdPh_fzNdtJT6wsL-h2O462NyjhKq8GyTH-jbQ798GCbVlOUK/s640/Argynnis+pandora+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Argynnis pandora</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidf5x3vyaUXrsX2BFyRoCf-wzijJd8tUNjg8-9Ms83hcDAlOXign6v12P_iDnQPWh33tbljCGoMLblksbjoepaK5d6fq79IECZr2rwqFaLOJ3UBVlkKOFvahykplkEtfcNyqDsTzLci4Y_/s1600/Hipparchia+syriaca+2017+08+04+Visterna+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidf5x3vyaUXrsX2BFyRoCf-wzijJd8tUNjg8-9Ms83hcDAlOXign6v12P_iDnQPWh33tbljCGoMLblksbjoepaK5d6fq79IECZr2rwqFaLOJ3UBVlkKOFvahykplkEtfcNyqDsTzLci4Y_/s640/Hipparchia+syriaca+2017+08+04+Visterna+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Hipparchia syriaca</i></div>
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A check of the Juliën organ in the field with 20x magnification showed this male having 7 broad & stout lamella confirming the ID.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRzkx68Y9F4CvgBpbwyFzpnctbdwE2iBveDuJVbfdopnkjv7qsLllRxqvqHJYdYGyCJAf1DF2ZNggN6u4pqzLJBHpA2_W7UHgZO1wMx-dIoBSLpngJCqnCvZI1sZB6mCnzESuLyf1PH0x/s1600/Kirinia+roxelana+2017+08+08+Greci+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRzkx68Y9F4CvgBpbwyFzpnctbdwE2iBveDuJVbfdopnkjv7qsLllRxqvqHJYdYGyCJAf1DF2ZNggN6u4pqzLJBHpA2_W7UHgZO1wMx-dIoBSLpngJCqnCvZI1sZB6mCnzESuLyf1PH0x/s640/Kirinia+roxelana+2017+08+08+Greci+%25282%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Kirinia roxelana</i></div>
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A pleasant surprise, easily 10+ spotted on one morning in Macin Mountains. In the literature I checked beforehand this species was mentioned for N Dobrogea but the mentions were very few and only for Babadag forest. Aparently recently it appears to be a bit more widespread in Babadag & Macin Mountains.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOxQFtHR-EYqXcffNLkuhpqyDhvxTpJQg_kkZ8ymeYWyunMZZUEu636vgzXQes6IHoWz7ifuD-WJrE9co7AyKty8EoJ3DcHccKae0aXG9y7S-WDDLYKT_SidBSGyuNbX08Sc6HHkU3SE0D/s1600/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOxQFtHR-EYqXcffNLkuhpqyDhvxTpJQg_kkZ8ymeYWyunMZZUEu636vgzXQes6IHoWz7ifuD-WJrE9co7AyKty8EoJ3DcHccKae0aXG9y7S-WDDLYKT_SidBSGyuNbX08Sc6HHkU3SE0D/s640/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena thersamon</i>, underside</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZpxD-0xK5zpxSDY1H4tWUaLT-AEDhklUsWSrznvfS5wpKhirLlFciDYypx4DJMnJg-CyO8I3rW_9u0DSPuVhf6Tc72-4i5UKCtKktGm_gsEu7tb4-BBXZJnnaooKqihfRBOPPSVaG2oDF/s1600/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZpxD-0xK5zpxSDY1H4tWUaLT-AEDhklUsWSrznvfS5wpKhirLlFciDYypx4DJMnJg-CyO8I3rW_9u0DSPuVhf6Tc72-4i5UKCtKktGm_gsEu7tb4-BBXZJnnaooKqihfRBOPPSVaG2oDF/s640/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena thersamon</i>, female</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhabQds3QW0ilUEjAx_YDKqI6ZmMnck-1jwBtyu-YTUA6U5j_ONwRZy4uLtpMJ9aeDk-Skcv7q-Bg73RGDOMMZIilVOnf__09aAouXQXr4y2G-8voH7vDZiJHQpXKGmSuIGlPJDngXou_I3/s1600/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhabQds3QW0ilUEjAx_YDKqI6ZmMnck-1jwBtyu-YTUA6U5j_ONwRZy4uLtpMJ9aeDk-Skcv7q-Bg73RGDOMMZIilVOnf__09aAouXQXr4y2G-8voH7vDZiJHQpXKGmSuIGlPJDngXou_I3/s640/Lycaena+thersamon+2017+08+08+Greci+%25285%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena thersamon</i>, male</div>
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Widespread in Macin mountains with easily 50+ seen</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWaQHL22qGSSe2OxMB0WZ22zw8_6krcfJZtglGuOZvnc4puKb041Q9PLYUDEqdVHbLJZwYfbqCiq8BdVNpXJFAtPwogRXB5Co73bg_u_n0Zmf9Kmg_9o-YZbh9zjcZodCh5u1RzMybd4mx/s1600/Polyommatus+admetus+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWaQHL22qGSSe2OxMB0WZ22zw8_6krcfJZtglGuOZvnc4puKb041Q9PLYUDEqdVHbLJZwYfbqCiq8BdVNpXJFAtPwogRXB5Co73bg_u_n0Zmf9Kmg_9o-YZbh9zjcZodCh5u1RzMybd4mx/s640/Polyommatus+admetus+2017+08+08+Greci+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus admetus</i>, female, recently only known from N Dobrogea in Romania</div>
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<u>Danube delta</u></div>
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We mainly visited this area for birdwatching & to enjoy the amazing landscapes but still got some nice butterfly sightings.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYAOLYHAlWQbbONcVvTYxkbkst5jUwpNck7n6HG6_4VOGSFIpp1P2Lle3A7waZvWpvG5NXNIBk3NSz9LkuTJ2lXFF3rxMOF8-brB40SXLxYpZ83q1hZ4RAFgdvGF_uAfcqh8fAt9mGIFiH/s1600/Apatura+metis+2017+08+05+Crisan+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYAOLYHAlWQbbONcVvTYxkbkst5jUwpNck7n6HG6_4VOGSFIpp1P2Lle3A7waZvWpvG5NXNIBk3NSz9LkuTJ2lXFF3rxMOF8-brB40SXLxYpZ83q1hZ4RAFgdvGF_uAfcqh8fAt9mGIFiH/s640/Apatura+metis+2017+08+05+Crisan+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEQ56cbnRoKu6Ya40uVp05ALfCLmv4AfKYyqAwP6WdF8BFSN3Xv_k9QxGhpKPd0W6YxiJbKu1iFiwY7uwlKsYI2pAjYiMzDaUCt-n4XG0Ze1Dgm3rgoKOfWMww-lKnmVKs32M89d2MwYr3/s1600/Apatura+metis+2017+08+08+Smardan+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEQ56cbnRoKu6Ya40uVp05ALfCLmv4AfKYyqAwP6WdF8BFSN3Xv_k9QxGhpKPd0W6YxiJbKu1iFiwY7uwlKsYI2pAjYiMzDaUCt-n4XG0Ze1Dgm3rgoKOfWMww-lKnmVKs32M89d2MwYr3/s640/Apatura+metis+2017+08+08+Smardan+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Apatura metis</i> </div>
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I have been searching for this species a few years ago without succes (see <a href="https://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2015/10/variability-in-lesser-purple-emperor.html" target="_blank">this older post</a>) but this time I could see and enjoy the real deal!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqdsI-sm8egoPl7XkKzZ3wA376iXkto2VGYUBa23xWBlwtDyUV5WrBM20aEgUrRdA9jjHiwvL3j37GBiYXsmZ7p5aRr3npy8kooF7WhFSlxe8VmJcowP_ermQ610cWoytqbmFj-hYL0PTO/s1600/Heteropterus+morpheus+2017+08+06+Crisan+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqdsI-sm8egoPl7XkKzZ3wA376iXkto2VGYUBa23xWBlwtDyUV5WrBM20aEgUrRdA9jjHiwvL3j37GBiYXsmZ7p5aRr3npy8kooF7WhFSlxe8VmJcowP_ermQ610cWoytqbmFj-hYL0PTO/s640/Heteropterus+morpheus+2017+08+06+Crisan+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Heteropterus morpheus</i></div>
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Remarkably fresh early august, I only know the Dutch populations and these start to fly end of june - early july. In the Danube delta, more or less at sea level, it seems like this species is on the wing a month later than in the Netherlands!</div>
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More on the eastern Carpathians in a next thread.</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-48144716424717938652017-08-28T22:36:00.002+02:002017-08-28T22:36:53.709+02:00Romania - Southern Transylvania & Southern Carpathians<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<u>Southern Transylvania</u><br />
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The region between Sibiu & Sighisoara holds a series of north-south directed valleys in a hilly landscape with extensive grasslands in the lower parts of the valleys and forests on the hilltops. We visited 2 of those valleys, one near Biertan and one just SW of Sighisoara.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLIR8epUj9txvVFq9htNV86NjqQkpYmdIX_aJWlXtxmgtCf9yEveW54WOz4HPjvFgoaci7cyo-mjJoqG3YlSuryfeIEJGmdzFKsfIYIoIEz2GwN2fFaq8SBd1uP6ul72ZENSC4l5L1rhB/s1600/Iphiclides+podalirius+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLIR8epUj9txvVFq9htNV86NjqQkpYmdIX_aJWlXtxmgtCf9yEveW54WOz4HPjvFgoaci7cyo-mjJoqG3YlSuryfeIEJGmdzFKsfIYIoIEz2GwN2fFaq8SBd1uP6ul72ZENSC4l5L1rhB/s640/Iphiclides+podalirius+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Iphiclides podalirius</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKVdGiGjhOFWoyfBrSSVbRx0XdOeSErnFgic8_0DuPaX8L72z8jFnLpmvnZOywMtDM1jMe-72UVb9geUNa9X3dHhX3imHBUwmQa9CuuVKEW5SiKWDgGl7rSFpHjTsEjB2sKJOwsUOO165L/s1600/Hamearis+lucina+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKVdGiGjhOFWoyfBrSSVbRx0XdOeSErnFgic8_0DuPaX8L72z8jFnLpmvnZOywMtDM1jMe-72UVb9geUNa9X3dHhX3imHBUwmQa9CuuVKEW5SiKWDgGl7rSFpHjTsEjB2sKJOwsUOO165L/s640/Hamearis+lucina+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Hamearis lucina</i>, having a second generation in central Europe, unlike in western Europe where this is mainly a spring species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWuZqDBrmGBEYCmUwfENwDxiR_JHsTR_WbC17Mxc6_TiKSS73Pgr3W9C3ZJyaK-_vnZMWclC5I8K06UvmwnHMe7V_IkbXMKAqB4VeGBdrROlBdjvma6iWJ4hlocbUIVYJ3VqFRYwD__5CQ/s1600/Lycaena+tityrus+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWuZqDBrmGBEYCmUwfENwDxiR_JHsTR_WbC17Mxc6_TiKSS73Pgr3W9C3ZJyaK-_vnZMWclC5I8K06UvmwnHMe7V_IkbXMKAqB4VeGBdrROlBdjvma6iWJ4hlocbUIVYJ3VqFRYwD__5CQ/s640/Lycaena+tityrus+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17g8352K3tn2I2xVXQwB0mNFmo8ouMsbADpe5393_9ks03oHLFG7ps61e_tt0gNjYc9tPKQ899LL5BVDwaeOQsxfxGBCV97B8L87BHU8ZEvTEdaCLzEf7zKilCoDsHYoqc-G7Q7ZJEhcD/s1600/Phengaris+arion+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg17g8352K3tn2I2xVXQwB0mNFmo8ouMsbADpe5393_9ks03oHLFG7ps61e_tt0gNjYc9tPKQ899LL5BVDwaeOQsxfxGBCV97B8L87BHU8ZEvTEdaCLzEf7zKilCoDsHYoqc-G7Q7ZJEhcD/s640/Phengaris+arion+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Phengaris arion</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjBeZG4_qKh1V9Kd0sY6tqghTlz-2I7-K9-r140aP4jPr9V0fldvS2eyOejcZ9_11N7vQT4J-8OrmS_PsdlfvFRriYV3-UxmrD5RePS6wBOlhQfw_TruqVt7cQF7-_zKBdKBixjYqniF5/s1600/Phengaris+teleius+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjBeZG4_qKh1V9Kd0sY6tqghTlz-2I7-K9-r140aP4jPr9V0fldvS2eyOejcZ9_11N7vQT4J-8OrmS_PsdlfvFRriYV3-UxmrD5RePS6wBOlhQfw_TruqVt7cQF7-_zKBdKBixjYqniF5/s640/Phengaris+teleius+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25283%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Phengaris teleius</i> on the larval foodplant <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfGdVmApvg-j1LnRvm3n98NwUZycVbM6Mg6AevJvQNt-MI_qkDhxKj061qSyiqodOzIaE_iPOKpDRGbZk9JVIdLhGetMBURAxGL3_qQ6EjeLOQzlczQbWKb_7q9MMM5-fFkWCX3YEvLD3B/s1600/Plebejus+argus+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfGdVmApvg-j1LnRvm3n98NwUZycVbM6Mg6AevJvQNt-MI_qkDhxKj061qSyiqodOzIaE_iPOKpDRGbZk9JVIdLhGetMBURAxGL3_qQ6EjeLOQzlczQbWKb_7q9MMM5-fFkWCX3YEvLD3B/s640/Plebejus+argus+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Plebejus argus</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmviuksVjQGZVkUgbbQRoEgIbXJOmB6nB3eblKXW5FB_GoxasUSP5wKPA9BDyk2wu1Gsi_ZW72ickCBpDNnxRiXGI3wmJRGWoYy0P013D_H5JJCiguRWdTnzDej2pixQLVmdweuWLJVVZd/s1600/Neptis+sappho+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmviuksVjQGZVkUgbbQRoEgIbXJOmB6nB3eblKXW5FB_GoxasUSP5wKPA9BDyk2wu1Gsi_ZW72ickCBpDNnxRiXGI3wmJRGWoYy0P013D_H5JJCiguRWdTnzDej2pixQLVmdweuWLJVVZd/s640/Neptis+sappho+2017+07+28+Copsa+Mare+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Neptis sappho</i>, much more common than <i>Neptis rivularis</i> (see previous post) but this species has 2 generations while <i>N. rivularis</i> only has one. During our trip we were probably largely too late for <i>N. rivularis</i>, except for the ones flying at higher elevations.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yefa26cl3eDqMr0a4xxFVU9uJiA6XPeHmN-9y-7J3am27samt-mXUq0fNarPq0FHLrSq-FnegK8HSHECEuDsOO6DBO1n7kYL73g2epOa9hxKJTTIhyphenhyphenk9CaKWiIIlBuU7IOyYq_kJLnQl/s1600/Argynnis+adippe+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yefa26cl3eDqMr0a4xxFVU9uJiA6XPeHmN-9y-7J3am27samt-mXUq0fNarPq0FHLrSq-FnegK8HSHECEuDsOO6DBO1n7kYL73g2epOa9hxKJTTIhyphenhyphenk9CaKWiIIlBuU7IOyYq_kJLnQl/s640/Argynnis+adippe+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Argynnis adippe</i>, a nice variation of the <i>cleodoxa</i> colour morph with the submarginal band accentuated.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-otW3Nl3ZIefFckXfcviEvRnPFhR5qpsZaP13S2ypmMxIfjRimAohp886BqDNxe5-WVBVcoqfThKWu8CgIMOyOxnmXnrz61CmIearUxJ0Y9JXAAIvwLzPOWt6arzUYCtajbsUd9j0fCx/s1600/Argynnis+laodice+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-otW3Nl3ZIefFckXfcviEvRnPFhR5qpsZaP13S2ypmMxIfjRimAohp886BqDNxe5-WVBVcoqfThKWu8CgIMOyOxnmXnrz61CmIearUxJ0Y9JXAAIvwLzPOWt6arzUYCtajbsUd9j0fCx/s640/Argynnis+laodice+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Star of this part is <i>Argynnis laodice</i>, photography wasn't easy however as the favorite way to spend time of these<i> Argynnis</i> species is to attack any other <i>Argynnis</i> (here <i>A. laodice</i> is attacked by <i>A. adippe</i>). So when you saw one landing on these big <i>Telekia</i> flowers mostly you had some 10 seconds before it was chased away... and <i>A. laodice</i> was outnumbered by <i>A. paphia</i> & <i>A. adippe</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFtMmTlfk2sS10sUiney5PWTlhk7AyRECsgB1h-k1xAqXxKSGgq6h6jH90xz3Jyda3jI7uUySSBOBXQH9ykyI4EtjWghUMYczqeK_WMyloY02-qCRKBAvpSZwXtrGiyg2lH2_QAbj8cxLN/s1600/Argynnis+laodice+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFtMmTlfk2sS10sUiney5PWTlhk7AyRECsgB1h-k1xAqXxKSGgq6h6jH90xz3Jyda3jI7uUySSBOBXQH9ykyI4EtjWghUMYczqeK_WMyloY02-qCRKBAvpSZwXtrGiyg2lH2_QAbj8cxLN/s640/Argynnis+laodice+2017+07+29+Stejarenii+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Argynnis laodice</i></div>
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<u>Southern Carpathians</u></div>
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We visited two of the several southern Carpathian mountain chains. In the Făgăraş Mountains I searched for butterflies on the southern slopes between 1550m & 1950m. In Bucegi Mountains between 1400m & 2000m. Unlike the Alps the Carpathians are rather poor in butterlfy diversity and on a day high up in the mountains it was not rare to come back with a species list of only 10-15 butterfly species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5AXmrlQMDlDa-r4i5XDP1UhteWedBS3B_FXMg55ZC1wg3O0pvBFHjlqBpGzvMLA-dRbIyeEy4kGyGp9591qrOEns838YSQlIXiRwnwTSCqoRuWhvOuKfX4hjc48G_Av5vgPRJmsmVIGU/s1600/Boloria+pales+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5AXmrlQMDlDa-r4i5XDP1UhteWedBS3B_FXMg55ZC1wg3O0pvBFHjlqBpGzvMLA-dRbIyeEy4kGyGp9591qrOEns838YSQlIXiRwnwTSCqoRuWhvOuKfX4hjc48G_Av5vgPRJmsmVIGU/s640/Boloria+pales+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWUsM0FotELLh5tVjgt-OOxNV7jSIaGyoWF-t-HVU6Ruqaut6tnSkr-46j6_RkxyLaowO5g3lAOhqWW28zvOgkGOQPkMprc97v2QUXn3r2vMN_8pKUlPkzNlCZMLMDwtSRPhVrnRZyz3Y/s1600/Boloria+pales+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWUsM0FotELLh5tVjgt-OOxNV7jSIaGyoWF-t-HVU6Ruqaut6tnSkr-46j6_RkxyLaowO5g3lAOhqWW28zvOgkGOQPkMprc97v2QUXn3r2vMN_8pKUlPkzNlCZMLMDwtSRPhVrnRZyz3Y/s640/Boloria+pales+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Boloria pales carpathomeridionalis</i>, the most fun about this subspecies is that <i>Boloria napaea</i> is absent in the Carpathians so there is no determination issue. Several seen in Bucegi mountains.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwmiq1qSkNNrAwttzK4fDgwCEyzjZceXFuDTzKB4_uWsx0dDpRaQdK51XA_raOYtN2dV2F7MHMLk1jWCPrYAJ9q2AD-s18i7bizB4iZjWOv-iaIu-ZGVhIsxG-NdjzMvij417DRqrnRf0m/s1600/Erebia+epiphron+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwmiq1qSkNNrAwttzK4fDgwCEyzjZceXFuDTzKB4_uWsx0dDpRaQdK51XA_raOYtN2dV2F7MHMLk1jWCPrYAJ9q2AD-s18i7bizB4iZjWOv-iaIu-ZGVhIsxG-NdjzMvij417DRqrnRf0m/s640/Erebia+epiphron+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9sputm5S-sL_NVKDjnslvsVrDT83zcnGhtVwMO3cuBKpaMBYH7E8BzoWn2HB6pf2U2c_8wtPIZ3BKTPVAtBLSXWhduN-QGhFf_5WM2vhf-XT_Na2qrdIINWAyXMhA48bzqw_xyaTyoyyd/s1600/Erebia+epiphron+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9sputm5S-sL_NVKDjnslvsVrDT83zcnGhtVwMO3cuBKpaMBYH7E8BzoWn2HB6pf2U2c_8wtPIZ3BKTPVAtBLSXWhduN-QGhFf_5WM2vhf-XT_Na2qrdIINWAyXMhA48bzqw_xyaTyoyyd/s640/Erebia+epiphron+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i> Erebia epiphron transsylvanica</i>, by far the most common butterfly on the grasslands high in the Carpathians, both in the<span style="text-align: left;"> Făgăraş Mountains as in the Bucegi Mountains.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijG8zdWWyeCCEOWDzAYRSf97OJgmOaYugy3cNrjZ0LgQ0shMzaOv6Q7zeWGUcnKiLstvx2LQyA_f0XA92OjcfMLF00EjHXj3XHWZ0HnlBemU2-2n5-MUiaowyzv7dexAe72aGegSyCGl-N/s1600/Erebia+euryale+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijG8zdWWyeCCEOWDzAYRSf97OJgmOaYugy3cNrjZ0LgQ0shMzaOv6Q7zeWGUcnKiLstvx2LQyA_f0XA92OjcfMLF00EjHXj3XHWZ0HnlBemU2-2n5-MUiaowyzv7dexAe72aGegSyCGl-N/s640/Erebia+euryale+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR-kmtafwNs38wVZUleZ34GJR3YtOShRoRPgcx8Sw0L9fuBtxrYIrZv5Vl7fc0JsJJSLOAr0zk1NQ7WPvbA4YcN5nR1ExBN4SPN6wc0uAEwTBRsYzftxJOwph7bkVDst3tEv2pucbCOkVI/s1600/Erebia+euryale+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR-kmtafwNs38wVZUleZ34GJR3YtOShRoRPgcx8Sw0L9fuBtxrYIrZv5Vl7fc0JsJJSLOAr0zk1NQ7WPvbA4YcN5nR1ExBN4SPN6wc0uAEwTBRsYzftxJOwph7bkVDst3tEv2pucbCOkVI/s640/Erebia+euryale+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Erebia euryale syrmia</i>. Commonly present on grasslands near the pine forest zone. The look-a-like <i>Erebia ligea</i> was present at a lot of locations as well but mostly a bit lower, on open places in the forest zone.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzgnzl8XOtz570osYca8HMX_ZTm5Zz9Qu_T24tlkER96navxnkVxUk7FhOQR9YtObuBtyfSO44Oa7368bcWKfpysMrmXN_NQNpemPAcE_RhJ6nzN5P3Pu8UDR5H_gdqJxMX-4Y95Qfks1/s1600/Erebia+manto+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKzgnzl8XOtz570osYca8HMX_ZTm5Zz9Qu_T24tlkER96navxnkVxUk7FhOQR9YtObuBtyfSO44Oa7368bcWKfpysMrmXN_NQNpemPAcE_RhJ6nzN5P3Pu8UDR5H_gdqJxMX-4Y95Qfks1/s640/Erebia+manto+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Erebia manto trajanus</i>, only one very fresh male seen at the <span style="text-align: left;">Făgăraş Mountains</span>, suggesting that due to the harsh Eastern European winter the flight period of this species had only just begun at the end of july (30/07/2017). Unfortunately this male wasn't very happy with me trying to get it on camera, flying uphill very fast after this one record shot...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3y5cP9sCODWGqPL8aIS5oe4ff4mpVMQ9miBta8AF6126C-bMWGkHREqySY2iso-FACkl7xrGhByEfrHOX0eSNSoB3QYDni2hJ5fd8vZ3NF1HEMLuPozmdl0bdNEKfIlRO8o0P323bitbc/s1600/Erebia+pronoe+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3y5cP9sCODWGqPL8aIS5oe4ff4mpVMQ9miBta8AF6126C-bMWGkHREqySY2iso-FACkl7xrGhByEfrHOX0eSNSoB3QYDni2hJ5fd8vZ3NF1HEMLuPozmdl0bdNEKfIlRO8o0P323bitbc/s640/Erebia+pronoe+2017+08+01+Sinaia+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Erebia pronoe regalis</i>, several seen on the higher slopes of Bucegi Mountains (1700-2000m).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37KmI_vxnV_XANcOivsoF6KrhauBeXuG1znAqDjGnlEBsEnEMzHwJNQbL1Hm271zv6_PlqI_QGg6-0Tc7C-xWtSENcEYH0y9uLt6X7dMbzfHFOf-01p26ZaAWhb-TOWRW2axP6T4jcgz2/s1600/Erebia+sudetica+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37KmI_vxnV_XANcOivsoF6KrhauBeXuG1znAqDjGnlEBsEnEMzHwJNQbL1Hm271zv6_PlqI_QGg6-0Tc7C-xWtSENcEYH0y9uLt6X7dMbzfHFOf-01p26ZaAWhb-TOWRW2axP6T4jcgz2/s640/Erebia+sudetica+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhebv-bwSxtUzAnYKqpk_zYs-f_TenEUSeHMnvG_rPzQt8rcjQzvM4L2W9cgly2bVSxCUkqgFtlBL9BowVzpBCsWcsEEcqBrYjf6ZaDXwSFuCL6cjlmqOpuOPyK6S2JDgQa58jJZKZLkNco/s1600/Erebia+sudetica+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhebv-bwSxtUzAnYKqpk_zYs-f_TenEUSeHMnvG_rPzQt8rcjQzvM4L2W9cgly2bVSxCUkqgFtlBL9BowVzpBCsWcsEEcqBrYjf6ZaDXwSFuCL6cjlmqOpuOPyK6S2JDgQa58jJZKZLkNco/s640/Erebia+sudetica+2017+07+30+Transfagarasan+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Erebia sudetica radnaensis</i> at the Făgăraş Mountains. This subspecies has only very faint eyespots on the upperside, they just fall in the folds of the veins so almost seem absent. The same remark as with <i>Erebia manto</i>, only one fresh male seen so probably only the very beginning of the flight period. More information on this species in Romania can be found <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.508.4869&rep=rep1&type=pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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From the mountains to the plains and marshes in the next episode!</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-6258838642374395192017-08-28T00:22:00.000+02:002017-08-28T10:02:49.015+02:00Romania 2017 - Introduction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Last month I travelled through Romania, a country I already wanted to visit for a long time. We entered the country the 25th of july & left it again on 12th of august.<br />
Except for the first & the last day we had splendid weather, at some days even too hot to watch butterflies on a comfortable way. The bad weather on first & last day were a bit pitty as that were the days we passed the region around Cluj-Napoca and there were some locations in that neighbourhood I wanted to visit. Luckily I didn't really miss a big target species because of that. Time was not only spent on butterflies on this trip, I also looked a bit at birds & dragonflies.<br />
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We went by car from Belgium entering Romania from the west near Oradea. The locations we visited can be resumed in the folowing 8 points:<br />
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1) Turda gorge & Piatra Secuiului (Eastern slopes of Apuseni Mountains)<br />
Calcareous hills & rocky outcrops between 700m-1200m<br />
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2) Southern Transylvania<br />
Lower hills with lots of extensive grasslands & decideous forest<br />
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3) Fagarasan Mountains (Southern Carpathians)<br />
High mountains up to 2500m<br />
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4) Bucegi Mountains (Southern Carpathians)<br />
High mountains up to 2500m<br />
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5) Plains S of Danube<br />
Low coastal plains, mainly visited to see dragonflies & birds but with some interesting butterfly sightings<br />
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6) Danube delta<br />
Marsh land with canals, lakes, willow forests<br />
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7) Babadag forest & Macin mountains<br />
Low mountains with dry oak forests<br />
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8) Foothills of the eastern Carpathians<br />
Extensive grasslands 700-1000m<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0PXT69ORcN13UgIRJCuamrHtuNIfsH6i_kNu6e_KiVjVUjnQPPaTZoaj-y8u0y-dsHiHGTikA1zmKKHSoUbqidLIQiOgKbrsXQxBTNAKtrNGFxrh2zAxZmU7q0ypUsi9H71qX63ApHDDQ/s1600/Reisroute.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="1175" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0PXT69ORcN13UgIRJCuamrHtuNIfsH6i_kNu6e_KiVjVUjnQPPaTZoaj-y8u0y-dsHiHGTikA1zmKKHSoUbqidLIQiOgKbrsXQxBTNAKtrNGFxrh2zAxZmU7q0ypUsi9H71qX63ApHDDQ/s640/Reisroute.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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So let's kick off this small report with some pics<br />
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1) Turda gorge & Piatra Secuiului<br />
Turda gorge is a pretty spectacular 300m deep gorge but from a butterfly point of view especially the plains up the gorge are interesting.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtRQezcM44XfcG5FAtZwlzxNLhlVipi-5bdOM_rNQxZgIvQsBkDjSv1svLL71ErXTpZ_81PSOaYx2XNRECn94MXxrxKrC0zKOuUzVAlZ4z35zY-9JBs74EC7mIy0o0tS7KyNvpbh3JEx8B/s1600/Habitat+2017+07+27+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtRQezcM44XfcG5FAtZwlzxNLhlVipi-5bdOM_rNQxZgIvQsBkDjSv1svLL71ErXTpZ_81PSOaYx2XNRECn94MXxrxKrC0zKOuUzVAlZ4z35zY-9JBs74EC7mIy0o0tS7KyNvpbh3JEx8B/s640/Habitat+2017+07+27+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Habitat in Turda</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDb9kiZLg-bVdSCMCV356oe1TkRcZjGie9q2Rydygqr2Oa5qGgQT0bOdy-D4iXbbjtQ091QDCi3yB_Gv5mnk3dz4PkwJXbvY_1opAMJIuHK2Sy87TXQ2PzdwOfa6bkbxRwocXxg0jmT8oD/s1600/Hesperia+comma+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDb9kiZLg-bVdSCMCV356oe1TkRcZjGie9q2Rydygqr2Oa5qGgQT0bOdy-D4iXbbjtQ091QDCi3yB_Gv5mnk3dz4PkwJXbvY_1opAMJIuHK2Sy87TXQ2PzdwOfa6bkbxRwocXxg0jmT8oD/s640/Hesperia+comma+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Hesperia comma</i> is common in large parts of Romania, very different from the Western part of the distribution where this species is on many locations threatened.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_nE0S6fwA5hcJfAF6v3_FmneEJ_OIaZ9-n-EniyFMBODA1MZt9X_XeQeJkCXOmqjlxakHsKwUINE0bQzgHLiDoS5Yh0rS6vCbRB97jyo1_ILGx1C6uZXDPeoKWslJmXYbeicGRJvTzvu/s1600/Hipparchia+fagi+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_nE0S6fwA5hcJfAF6v3_FmneEJ_OIaZ9-n-EniyFMBODA1MZt9X_XeQeJkCXOmqjlxakHsKwUINE0bQzgHLiDoS5Yh0rS6vCbRB97jyo1_ILGx1C6uZXDPeoKWslJmXYbeicGRJvTzvu/s640/Hipparchia+fagi+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Dark <i>Hipparchia</i>'s are easy in Romania, in Transylvania & the foothills of the Carpathians only <i>Hipparchia fagi</i> is present, in Dobrodgea probably only <i>Hipparchia syriaca</i> is present. This is <i>Hipparchia fagi</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc3MYtnb8vbSxwhyphenhyphenN61kY1YdVuyAUe6rYHYvt-JPc-VZSb4wiVJB30NSXLqlWknRYQcIoruJz-LPRF-3XrmD6WfepnuisAHiRU_BhMEiSHc7vh_Q5WrSnQA_sLr34YH8GlCQoV4RK9i4Qj/s1600/Iphiclides+podalirius+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc3MYtnb8vbSxwhyphenhyphenN61kY1YdVuyAUe6rYHYvt-JPc-VZSb4wiVJB30NSXLqlWknRYQcIoruJz-LPRF-3XrmD6WfepnuisAHiRU_BhMEiSHc7vh_Q5WrSnQA_sLr34YH8GlCQoV4RK9i4Qj/s640/Iphiclides+podalirius+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Iphiclides podalirius</i>, although common in large parts of southern Europe, always a pleasure to see</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKYzESAgUFLADWCDnNqYV2j2bZY8RJyrI-PJpKbqi3Z4d8fcA4RbPU9KkCipEbg6JSzrW0recb-FLBKQQBVcAE0LEeE6ZvgSGt4jWpCes-D_tyUCE86jpTXB4knuvRdsrqpLfhw2Lc4EZO/s1600/Melitaea+trivia+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKYzESAgUFLADWCDnNqYV2j2bZY8RJyrI-PJpKbqi3Z4d8fcA4RbPU9KkCipEbg6JSzrW0recb-FLBKQQBVcAE0LEeE6ZvgSGt4jWpCes-D_tyUCE86jpTXB4knuvRdsrqpLfhw2Lc4EZO/s640/Melitaea+trivia+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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As this one seems to have a discocellular vein, closing down the middle cell, this should be <i>Melitaea trivia</i>. Opinions welcome.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmzwvPkqm0U9KYgFZF1AKbAHW72-k_o7oa_CrwV_EQ4jSrRD6DDbnQ1-xV7xHz4TsT_AncmTt1vQ4jrXDswFzMWmtruIENwMogypjbPGl57d7AZxkXv0rB1yiNyFeGWgXnhdr9joHRMPvb/s1600/Polyommatus+dorylas+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmzwvPkqm0U9KYgFZF1AKbAHW72-k_o7oa_CrwV_EQ4jSrRD6DDbnQ1-xV7xHz4TsT_AncmTt1vQ4jrXDswFzMWmtruIENwMogypjbPGl57d7AZxkXv0rB1yiNyFeGWgXnhdr9joHRMPvb/s640/Polyommatus+dorylas+2017+07+26+Turda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus dorylas</i>, male, rather common in this part of Romania</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqMoETDlYUdz6wTdqsRkifJ3geOxYcE1vRVuXmdmS3vFfYuPQxPZD7wAZeQM6vi_tKY7ZyXwcSkDNnN3AH_-H1d9MR5yomhbWnLwAXnkqGqoXewkZ0iNPZ2SZ06nviUVu8hA7nfPz7axa/s1600/Pseudophilotes+vicrama+2017+07+26+Turda+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqMoETDlYUdz6wTdqsRkifJ3geOxYcE1vRVuXmdmS3vFfYuPQxPZD7wAZeQM6vi_tKY7ZyXwcSkDNnN3AH_-H1d9MR5yomhbWnLwAXnkqGqoXewkZ0iNPZ2SZ06nviUVu8hA7nfPz7axa/s640/Pseudophilotes+vicrama+2017+07+26+Turda+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Pseudophilotes vicrama</i></div>
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We visited Piatra Secuiului to see the local <i>Erebia melas</i>. I saw a few of them flying and a single one shortly visiting some flowers but the habitat with very steep calcareous rocks didn't allow taking pictures, although I tried... In the neighbourhood however I did make a good set of pictures, definetely a blues paradise!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMpErM4fYmNJKXy-D5SgICt7Ih0iu3uL1xO7GlufKUluHFodGafpgIciZch-Y5BC_uRZUnDQdtGn0g9_2zBQjnhoPvy5mUaFbfY2GxaZL7TB0g3zGUwHOb3XdgMArBcGopsy6vmVsyIRR-/s1600/Habitat+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMpErM4fYmNJKXy-D5SgICt7Ih0iu3uL1xO7GlufKUluHFodGafpgIciZch-Y5BC_uRZUnDQdtGn0g9_2zBQjnhoPvy5mUaFbfY2GxaZL7TB0g3zGUwHOb3XdgMArBcGopsy6vmVsyIRR-/s640/Habitat+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Habitat</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHtw7mUDeL8k9DCqaaDTNEXMFLwyHYv7V5K36_7OscAeoiv-Hgg6c0pLW-x3ADeY6M00IdbFNwc298HKGq-fVPtn-q0NhyphenhyphenKBwxDCDxe38fI4UV4GecgSnAtNxm0Wm6LcJM-qGKrcVN59rj/s1600/Neptis+rivularis+2017+07+27+Rimetea+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHtw7mUDeL8k9DCqaaDTNEXMFLwyHYv7V5K36_7OscAeoiv-Hgg6c0pLW-x3ADeY6M00IdbFNwc298HKGq-fVPtn-q0NhyphenhyphenKBwxDCDxe38fI4UV4GecgSnAtNxm0Wm6LcJM-qGKrcVN59rj/s640/Neptis+rivularis+2017+07+27+Rimetea+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Neptis rivularis</i>, only a few seen during the trip and mostly higher up (this one at approx 1000m)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK8GvuvKjXKTtzamRyljgRa9kOWmVGU8UR0MLy1hbzxi-Xe5XwjxSmQwH_m91rnMCxBvUaqIfoo4rApsfveDrty3uh62jCKqP4MCvm6QlspIiZLYe0BsY1xAdSfquTFZWpk6whndiCoY9D/s1600/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK8GvuvKjXKTtzamRyljgRa9kOWmVGU8UR0MLy1hbzxi-Xe5XwjxSmQwH_m91rnMCxBvUaqIfoo4rApsfveDrty3uh62jCKqP4MCvm6QlspIiZLYe0BsY1xAdSfquTFZWpk6whndiCoY9D/s640/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus daphnis</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9bYmh3PwO56hDwRdBIfHEZqXG-zfIkpnzKST9gJSVf35xa1QGRWOBELd97gcRaIiNt6ir3mpyE3ENVHe2zx3HPx1jAFxASlQ1xk8JcFWtFHuhWBUeMYoTVFj-XGB9af_Kd0pnBBBuitkW/s1600/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9bYmh3PwO56hDwRdBIfHEZqXG-zfIkpnzKST9gJSVf35xa1QGRWOBELd97gcRaIiNt6ir3mpyE3ENVHe2zx3HPx1jAFxASlQ1xk8JcFWtFHuhWBUeMYoTVFj-XGB9af_Kd0pnBBBuitkW/s640/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus daphnis</i>, female</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRF1OCTcxICRAvPfWyqclDqNiiIu6awRIi1Ac99z_GelMtMoAMckJgcD6JyGanIWhYiYvb2fc13nKwHgPCdK8sVFJTumwE65U_4JhjKRn043wFbXQaic5CXtulv0ak4svpnAKO_-OWhGoU/s1600/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRF1OCTcxICRAvPfWyqclDqNiiIu6awRIi1Ac99z_GelMtMoAMckJgcD6JyGanIWhYiYvb2fc13nKwHgPCdK8sVFJTumwE65U_4JhjKRn043wFbXQaic5CXtulv0ak4svpnAKO_-OWhGoU/s640/Polyommatus+daphnis+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25284%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus daphnis</i>, female, one of the most marvelous species of blues</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFS_xK-pmZlalXTFSvKrayKIh4irB06oX7O9LorryGxfDVEVLFG_-oCIQI6fUnI_ADSvTo2e-MPw1dMegQBHRWNK8HXx4b5wIKov6IuCY1SIRAwuXowXL42ptnQEnvHTPJhma75Uscy9mY/s1600/Polyommatus+dorylas+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFS_xK-pmZlalXTFSvKrayKIh4irB06oX7O9LorryGxfDVEVLFG_-oCIQI6fUnI_ADSvTo2e-MPw1dMegQBHRWNK8HXx4b5wIKov6IuCY1SIRAwuXowXL42ptnQEnvHTPJhma75Uscy9mY/s640/Polyommatus+dorylas+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus dorylas</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg58MPp7poCHkz8XsQWDCMmp2QFOfddZV8ju9364kQR7MMMSguNRoz5EdBQTJuqR8vkjQ6ieiSgy0C3HaLiY6IPN3h_kKicSucvP3h4_yj125DAQyJIGEjs2sEDUMbuAvMmtolmazTRpXWQ/s1600/Polyommatus+thersites+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg58MPp7poCHkz8XsQWDCMmp2QFOfddZV8ju9364kQR7MMMSguNRoz5EdBQTJuqR8vkjQ6ieiSgy0C3HaLiY6IPN3h_kKicSucvP3h4_yj125DAQyJIGEjs2sEDUMbuAvMmtolmazTRpXWQ/s640/Polyommatus+thersites+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK65J7WKFiVly_iLldPnpcG2HUe9T2YRAlKphMogG_NbXse5FTZYt5_BVMpc0LhDQgaW0pwhEzowNpz4KSPMnRwdKW_HiwVlJzLLh9ms5IJirJf7flzvIo49-fyTyKluT0UwZ3hSWfw8KY/s1600/Polyommatus+thersites+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK65J7WKFiVly_iLldPnpcG2HUe9T2YRAlKphMogG_NbXse5FTZYt5_BVMpc0LhDQgaW0pwhEzowNpz4KSPMnRwdKW_HiwVlJzLLh9ms5IJirJf7flzvIo49-fyTyKluT0UwZ3hSWfw8KY/s640/Polyommatus+thersites+2017+07+27+Izvoarele+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus thersites</i>, male. Underside & upperside of the same individual, notice the hairy basal half of upper front wing. The hairy androconial scales are the single best feature to differentiate this species from <i>Polyommatus icarus</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS-iAteH_Ng_FgJ0U8eJJmo92MpPrYQgbNWqUABviukBvgsov4yZIczx3UWOgjCDt7FvgQHiakfOYrp0zeW8HyoCnb5-wvwfsk49U5SffsEkOVL0OIqM9RrbXi8fJftkVxsCgpjDSvw7wm/s1600/Cupido+decoloratus+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS-iAteH_Ng_FgJ0U8eJJmo92MpPrYQgbNWqUABviukBvgsov4yZIczx3UWOgjCDt7FvgQHiakfOYrp0zeW8HyoCnb5-wvwfsk49U5SffsEkOVL0OIqM9RrbXi8fJftkVxsCgpjDSvw7wm/s640/Cupido+decoloratus+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Cupido decoloratus</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb2L6xF7YnwHCKp7REuuzHjXOjjKG7Kbjj-Tbm01pO3KHhr9aGtd-McO2UOWuDQLeTLnzv2dDCtRhfTHKk1e3_WvAk8ps0uKRPE3rWfbyaBJrWaXdzsug0YU4_nfw5JS_Ct0NJvbpGI1ng/s1600/Cupido+osiris+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb2L6xF7YnwHCKp7REuuzHjXOjjKG7Kbjj-Tbm01pO3KHhr9aGtd-McO2UOWuDQLeTLnzv2dDCtRhfTHKk1e3_WvAk8ps0uKRPE3rWfbyaBJrWaXdzsug0YU4_nfw5JS_Ct0NJvbpGI1ng/s640/Cupido+osiris+2017+07+26+Izvoarele+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Cupido osiris</i>, male</div>
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More on Transylvania in the next episode!</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-61519992164531286102017-07-02T21:58:00.001+02:002017-07-02T21:58:36.767+02:00SW-Germany (3): Nymphalids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i><u>Melitaea didyma</u></i></div>
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In the Moselle valley this species is present but I guess I just missed out the first generation (250m), in the Swäbische Alb however the species was fresh and common (800m).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1C57DX2KLLFHbLeYd2jv6o4e_dhC9YXVaVWCXB54NZp3RKkVAYKNC1Ke39N_mkKV9jjMlOdrR2xGSRxJIWu_15oeU_84ZkBZk0XS0m_Qp82XpDHqlZ2lYlFSrP_wf4lYskDIwFKW-FZgu/s1600/Melitaea+didyma+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1C57DX2KLLFHbLeYd2jv6o4e_dhC9YXVaVWCXB54NZp3RKkVAYKNC1Ke39N_mkKV9jjMlOdrR2xGSRxJIWu_15oeU_84ZkBZk0XS0m_Qp82XpDHqlZ2lYlFSrP_wf4lYskDIwFKW-FZgu/s640/Melitaea+didyma+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8OuzS27BlECqbGK4d-SDVstqvS4ovAFBtBGw_5zbGYbukcewZIUspp1MvShf-Htz5h8SxZwXg5ELSDXkb4dUUdLm0xY5K2_Ma23y3Nzl-lblgZwcNWvpSylffBw0-B652dqJw-YVVyyLt/s1600/Melitaea+didyma+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8OuzS27BlECqbGK4d-SDVstqvS4ovAFBtBGw_5zbGYbukcewZIUspp1MvShf-Htz5h8SxZwXg5ELSDXkb4dUUdLm0xY5K2_Ma23y3Nzl-lblgZwcNWvpSylffBw0-B652dqJw-YVVyyLt/s640/Melitaea+didyma+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25284%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Melitaea britomartis</u></i></div>
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My main target for this trip. During summer trips to the east I always missed out on this species being slightly too late. So I wanted to see them a bit more nearby and the closest to find them near Belgium are some grasslands in the submontane zone of the Swäbische Alb. As most of you know this species is in a group of species that is really difficult to recognise in the field (subgenus <i>Mellicta</i>, sometimes called the <i>Melitaea athalia</i>-group). Lot of the features mentioned in the fieldguides for these species are very variable individually making it very difficult to point an individual to a species (see for example <a href="https://nl.pensoft.net/article/1154/" target="_blank">this article</a>)</div>
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<a href="http://www.pemberleybooks.com/product/butterflies-of-europe/7345/" target="_blank">Lafranchis</a> gives a method in his guide to check genitalia of butterflies in the field. He gives this for several of groups of butterflies. </div>
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Frankly I think for the <i>Leptidea</i> species his images are the worst you could ever use to see the difference between the cryptic <i>Leptidea</i> species and difference in genitalia between <i>Leptidea sinapis</i> and <i>Leptidea reali</i>/<i>juvernica</i> can't be seen in the field. Anyone using the Lafranchis guide should make a big black cross over the drawings of the <i>Leptidea </i>genitalia!</div>
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For the orange <i>Hipparchia</i> species as well I don't think this method is very reliable as often you have to make an interpretation of the scale of different parts of the valves which is very difficult in the field. In the black <i>Hipparchia</i> species you just have to count the bristles on the Julien organ what seems pretty easy in the field to me. </div>
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In the <i>Melitaea</i> species the shape of the valves are clearly different between species so there the method leads to more reliable determinations too imo. You need some experience in handling the butterflies and you need some experience to evaluate some individual variation in the shape of the valves. The image of the <i>M. britomartis</i> valve in Lafranchis is not that good in my opinion, the image in <a href="http://www.pemberleybooks.com/product/die-tagfalter-mitteleuropas.-oestlicher-teil-bestimmung-biotope-und-bionomie-verbreitung-gefaehrdung/8604/" target="_blank">Slamka</a> however was spot on.</div>
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At the same location where I had these <i>M. britomartis</i> I had <i>M. aurelia</i> and <i>M. athalia</i> males! Mostly <i>M. athalia</i> was easily recognised in the field as they are a bit bigger and clearly have a more direct flight than the smaller <i>M. britomartis</i> and <i>M. aurelia</i>. Males of both these species have a very specific flight with fast wing beats making them stand out between the <i>M. athalia</i> males.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim5dmY4BDAAWR9y30-1YHroi6JELt-CEDZQWerO6oxTU5c9Yk4rEvUP9m9h6U4qB_4MgblOGTVyZVOBma10xoOZJ1AyGS6VF10fBr-ROf17GJxpwcx5HH2OwlCL8bmK6CTqHG1YCNmsfiF/s1600/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim5dmY4BDAAWR9y30-1YHroi6JELt-CEDZQWerO6oxTU5c9Yk4rEvUP9m9h6U4qB_4MgblOGTVyZVOBma10xoOZJ1AyGS6VF10fBr-ROf17GJxpwcx5HH2OwlCL8bmK6CTqHG1YCNmsfiF/s640/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25284%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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male underside</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcvqNHbZpWc-WxxFNt9K3J7yjtSd0CrIdpA4vvlrdzsZNKiJtD1BGMzcNghuBatu55HI0vtoxLTZCKbbe3SmL305h1gunA1d3TN69apH-Exqva4FtwSInDcqQXE8a4AhHyuH26NfDOrUa/s1600/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcvqNHbZpWc-WxxFNt9K3J7yjtSd0CrIdpA4vvlrdzsZNKiJtD1BGMzcNghuBatu55HI0vtoxLTZCKbbe3SmL305h1gunA1d3TN69apH-Exqva4FtwSInDcqQXE8a4AhHyuH26NfDOrUa/s640/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25285%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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same individual, male upperside</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhty4bzlPv96VJn0TxHkGRQQBZxf0AXEZkFhH8ue3Gxi795qPL3ub8g1DkcC2cL4pAtWaSvazL38yxYOPQyfDxXflshVBrCMfZSs6COOMm6pmy0uWXRPvkUXyJjbB60anP-6ObluwkRycIy/s1600/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Machtolsheim+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhty4bzlPv96VJn0TxHkGRQQBZxf0AXEZkFhH8ue3Gxi795qPL3ub8g1DkcC2cL4pAtWaSvazL38yxYOPQyfDxXflshVBrCMfZSs6COOMm6pmy0uWXRPvkUXyJjbB60anP-6ObluwkRycIy/s640/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Machtolsheim+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Male genitalia checked in the field with the insert showing the valve of a genital preparation (edited picture from lepiforum). With a <span style="text-align: left;">20x loupe details of the valve shape can easily be seen.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6o-TBQn6sNhOKm70XPIoEUU1qtVS5O-E5Ktp_c_jkbRi4Qvh4mxTTI0mXqxzUWjpUAz0WXJ9_HzNDqAXvw0AkGE85DF5uP4tr5dAVtyKfdCZ3i55Pl4LXUUlG693oo_xjAaERM5qJ3EGs/s1600/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6o-TBQn6sNhOKm70XPIoEUU1qtVS5O-E5Ktp_c_jkbRi4Qvh4mxTTI0mXqxzUWjpUAz0WXJ9_HzNDqAXvw0AkGE85DF5uP4tr5dAVtyKfdCZ3i55Pl4LXUUlG693oo_xjAaERM5qJ3EGs/s640/Melitaea+britomartis+2017+06+21+Bichishausen+%25286%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Female, in front view this one has quite some black hairs on the palps, strongly indicating it not to be <i>M. aurelia</i> (variable in <i>M. britomartis</i> but probably almost always orange or at least pale in <i>M. aurelia</i>). The orangeish color in the marginal line is typical (but variable) for <i>M. britomartis.</i></div>
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<i><u>Argynnis niobe</u></i></div>
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This species used to be present in the Belgian coastal dunes as well as in the calcareous grasslands of the south but now has completely disappeared. It is still present however just south of Aachen, less than 10km of the Belgian border. Several individuals were present when I passed that location but photography was impossible, all seemed to be males actively searching for females and gathering around some old pine trees using them to do some kind of hill topping. I saw the species in the south of the Black Forest as well where I could make some pictures.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXdZ6GFchCpOrTSkEOFmFszo0KlNjHi8hzV1Mh30sJ_flhFNP_5Z9M5TpFdiNOi7Q7A_2SvGn0zz0IZfdjC9WsPCDKZK4cYrpvJKYrR9yS_wgxEDIAa1bjbuXhsU_58Few83B3_czX_OHT/s1600/Argynnis+niobe+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXdZ6GFchCpOrTSkEOFmFszo0KlNjHi8hzV1Mh30sJ_flhFNP_5Z9M5TpFdiNOi7Q7A_2SvGn0zz0IZfdjC9WsPCDKZK4cYrpvJKYrR9yS_wgxEDIAa1bjbuXhsU_58Few83B3_czX_OHT/s640/Argynnis+niobe+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Boloria titania</u></i></div>
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I was pleasantly surprised to find this species in the Black Forest, the main field guides don't give this as a part of the distribution. Of course when one does a bit more research this is well known and the species is present just north up to Triberg (southern 1/3 of the Black Forest).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiygMpZb5qDTzsauXZCYK4Z7K5GCDGi4hsavwLPOsmYFCQd80EylZkxW9QYqkP9FaOMBnPS-u3v2u6iGRguKw_POG2nNctMSOnboE4mzbx29TzKBTArB3IoyxOTBi14tioC2QUN0xbWKO_y/s1600/Boloria+titania+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiygMpZb5qDTzsauXZCYK4Z7K5GCDGi4hsavwLPOsmYFCQd80EylZkxW9QYqkP9FaOMBnPS-u3v2u6iGRguKw_POG2nNctMSOnboE4mzbx29TzKBTArB3IoyxOTBi14tioC2QUN0xbWKO_y/s640/Boloria+titania+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRicxUimgnlfqrKTYW_a5P8HKcebbqRhRoJTA3Ib9TI5fSOI6S69CeV69NR9t8y3Hb0ERNvu5RdY3rOBn63YO9BT0ZIAbjmlPzsrG2DCuXvTKNUjGPGfb2ktczMMqrCEdenFXIPFtryRF-/s1600/Boloria+titania+2017+06+22+Hinterzarten+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRicxUimgnlfqrKTYW_a5P8HKcebbqRhRoJTA3Ib9TI5fSOI6S69CeV69NR9t8y3Hb0ERNvu5RdY3rOBn63YO9BT0ZIAbjmlPzsrG2DCuXvTKNUjGPGfb2ktczMMqrCEdenFXIPFtryRF-/s640/Boloria+titania+2017+06+22+Hinterzarten+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Coenonympha tullia</u></i></div>
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I had seen this species before but then was unable to make good pictures, so I was hoping to make some pictures on this trip. I found it in the same bog I saw <i>Colias palaeno</i> and <i>Plebejus optilete</i>. Last confirmed sighting in Belgium was in 2006 so this species has most probably been lost.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeJIiaUNF9Y40SA9na0gysWeGlYxGAOHrHFYCYZ1dVmSMIqvmo7dYPkFCdmaD4UPEK7WiyUckP-TL7TuE8UdWuC6bsH_62ItjCn2qTwatBcbjerU6rpB5hTVng-gt8zkWzUICj4FknS_12/s1600/Coenonympha+tullia+2017+06+22+Hinterzarten+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeJIiaUNF9Y40SA9na0gysWeGlYxGAOHrHFYCYZ1dVmSMIqvmo7dYPkFCdmaD4UPEK7WiyUckP-TL7TuE8UdWuC6bsH_62ItjCn2qTwatBcbjerU6rpB5hTVng-gt8zkWzUICj4FknS_12/s640/Coenonympha+tullia+2017+06+22+Hinterzarten+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Erebia meolans</u></i></div>
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On the high parts of the Black Forest this is one of the more common butterflies. Together with the High Vosges in neighboring France these are the north-westernmost populations of this species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvFEvFQJ8JHBC8rJ83JaC6gevMl1i-9bPPFTdGw5e6kSK39-RhRJewe2CEBnNBkfoMW7PZ9m3MG-4Y7bynh-FeOUQFmfY7ibJFpUYdd8dJcVQL7XzKhIxH8L_K1SUpDJpkQTO6YJhyphenhyphenzlL-/s1600/Erebia+meolans+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvFEvFQJ8JHBC8rJ83JaC6gevMl1i-9bPPFTdGw5e6kSK39-RhRJewe2CEBnNBkfoMW7PZ9m3MG-4Y7bynh-FeOUQFmfY7ibJFpUYdd8dJcVQL7XzKhIxH8L_K1SUpDJpkQTO6YJhyphenhyphenzlL-/s640/Erebia+meolans+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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upperside male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0J5b39VDR-8yhXUGN23OIU8Dy33VOPT6Yjr4PzLpFtg63Jl0iE7cVNJ9sRQvNERvY_JXZ9GcOShX0mI8VTSWXhvQxZubsjLhN7P8UIfX3fcUKL8-Rcld5VAmICl_w60R_oZHXbxZxD1-Y/s1600/Erebia+meolans+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0J5b39VDR-8yhXUGN23OIU8Dy33VOPT6Yjr4PzLpFtg63Jl0iE7cVNJ9sRQvNERvY_JXZ9GcOShX0mI8VTSWXhvQxZubsjLhN7P8UIfX3fcUKL8-Rcld5VAmICl_w60R_oZHXbxZxD1-Y/s640/Erebia+meolans+2017+06+22+Feldberg+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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underside female</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-762351800655425252017-07-02T11:49:00.001+02:002017-07-02T18:05:51.491+02:00SW-Germany (2): Lycaenids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In fact none of these Lycaenids was high on my wish list to see on this trip but still I could scrap along a nice list of species.<br />
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<i><u>Satyrium acaciae</u></i><br />
This species has recently been seen again in the extreme southern tip of Belgium but is still very rare. In Germany I found it in the Moselle valley and on the Hunsrück.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge_pX3QdEmPFUMY0_xpe9iTvulMsUaM79ngm3IutwCQXSw6bNR4luG9C6ijAN_SUkNDs5Rsm9EfRJKhBBo7KWFDEWADFe_pVjzt1Dl3G59WKMXJviKMW9d_QTDeyVSeyNQnZDBd6TgDCGu/s1600/Satyrium+acaciae+2017+06+20+Traisen+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge_pX3QdEmPFUMY0_xpe9iTvulMsUaM79ngm3IutwCQXSw6bNR4luG9C6ijAN_SUkNDs5Rsm9EfRJKhBBo7KWFDEWADFe_pVjzt1Dl3G59WKMXJviKMW9d_QTDeyVSeyNQnZDBd6TgDCGu/s640/Satyrium+acaciae+2017+06+20+Traisen+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Satyrium spini</u></i></div>
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A species with until this year only a handful of old sightings in Belgium. This year however it has been found on one location in the Viroin valley. In Germany it was very common in the Moselle valley.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFZFae3xcz7ipT1ezEvxQNYEM2nAZTuRBZGnGSoVtvfXOBzgJvLEbMqXQOLfAB8J6vnBQFlNMMjwbXSaPs4FxbJ0xem-B8LV1t9Pbg4sjPLQ0GBz9adwGuiRKkgoVYkrk340zPHX8S3wJH/s1600/Satyrium+spini+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFZFae3xcz7ipT1ezEvxQNYEM2nAZTuRBZGnGSoVtvfXOBzgJvLEbMqXQOLfAB8J6vnBQFlNMMjwbXSaPs4FxbJ0xem-B8LV1t9Pbg4sjPLQ0GBz9adwGuiRKkgoVYkrk340zPHX8S3wJH/s640/Satyrium+spini+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Lycaena hippothoe</u></i></div>
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In Belgium this species is not uncommon in the high Ardennes in humid valleys & on the big bog areas. I was pleasantly surprised to find this species common near Aachen on a dry grassland (about 250m high). Both pictures are from that location but I saw the species in a humid river valley in the Eifel and in the bogs of the Black Forest as well.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAC10wGh3g2G9Yq_KSz_A2qs-fC_c4VedPw8GFZmYQG9EBGDNCdapuL1EC9wRwJhNlGGr5QcBLWtp46R7Y4utkc_beox9Cz9Cnh8_8aELSiXyy-1y9XXJBT9helwej8V2GU7BwKB8AT3gw/s1600/Lycaena+hippothoe+2017+06+19+Breinigerberg+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAC10wGh3g2G9Yq_KSz_A2qs-fC_c4VedPw8GFZmYQG9EBGDNCdapuL1EC9wRwJhNlGGr5QcBLWtp46R7Y4utkc_beox9Cz9Cnh8_8aELSiXyy-1y9XXJBT9helwej8V2GU7BwKB8AT3gw/s640/Lycaena+hippothoe+2017+06+19+Breinigerberg+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4W9QAnSiLTr1JK84EM1hJQ5wRh12_-NNcRHzCWh1FZE9Gqz31bpuAMEo86oRoiGDgPw44P3xiTuBXx49dfz7IJpJ_bAYE4seWcGqCia4tbwpRkcRmxvoZG5FZSsUa5YrhlK7my524vNn/s1600/Lycaena+hippothoe+2017+06+19+Breinigerberg+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4W9QAnSiLTr1JK84EM1hJQ5wRh12_-NNcRHzCWh1FZE9Gqz31bpuAMEo86oRoiGDgPw44P3xiTuBXx49dfz7IJpJ_bAYE4seWcGqCia4tbwpRkcRmxvoZG5FZSsUa5YrhlK7my524vNn/s640/Lycaena+hippothoe+2017+06+19+Breinigerberg+%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Phengaris arion</u></i></div>
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A species that doesn't have any populations in Belgium anymore although the rare strangler from norther France is seen every few years. It was very common on some nice calcareous grasslands in the Swäbische Alb, maybe not yet on the wing in the Eifel when I passed there.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLGkfaKBsvMNQlPtE1a9IlN47oY0foJyafBrTJEqfwH2cPheMfVratDN6_kWFssmPGO2Sxr_nt_SybY84SnO_rT1NSWPQ9MVdc7dckszgoKgchLWid1xOYkHIUJUWEMV_bjjfnJmvznDO4/s1600/Phengaris+arion+2017+06+21+Machtolsheim+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLGkfaKBsvMNQlPtE1a9IlN47oY0foJyafBrTJEqfwH2cPheMfVratDN6_kWFssmPGO2Sxr_nt_SybY84SnO_rT1NSWPQ9MVdc7dckszgoKgchLWid1xOYkHIUJUWEMV_bjjfnJmvznDO4/s640/Phengaris+arion+2017+06+21+Machtolsheim+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Pseudophilotes baton</u></i></div>
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This species was present in Belgium in the past in the Gaume as wel as in the Famenne region but has disappeared with the last sighting in 1971. I found it on one marvelous grassland in the Swäbische Alb.</div>
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<i><u>Plebejus optilete</u></i></div>
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The second of 4 typical bog species I saw. This species is unknown from Belgium although the Belgian bogs are in between the populations in the north of the Netherlands and the populations in the Black Forest and the larval foodplant <i>Vaccinium</i> is widely present. I saw this species at the same location of <i>Colias palaeno</i>. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3w5_aiLcvl9lWlyFsRvvx0ZZvF_0B3JnK35MLzNERXZfFt4wO_vZsFe1ZjU5osQWnvgP8snMCDoSl_IiADQPQcoS4XLVj-RuH-Bvghd41EuqvENor8w1NXauL6NQTZRIPoIJVPe3nQSXO/s1600/Plebejus+optilete+2017+06+21+Hinterzarten+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3w5_aiLcvl9lWlyFsRvvx0ZZvF_0B3JnK35MLzNERXZfFt4wO_vZsFe1ZjU5osQWnvgP8snMCDoSl_IiADQPQcoS4XLVj-RuH-Bvghd41EuqvENor8w1NXauL6NQTZRIPoIJVPe3nQSXO/s640/Plebejus+optilete+2017+06+21+Hinterzarten+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgidQofvZKrvpAmOhi7FYJ-WyEAvsosCq7FECjTbfHCz1nmXrkzVLsWE5dSMkq47hp9IuefqD3s_WXNaaCCg_jDLsf0XUVeoVbY0I1DVRNAimzeNgFxGjhIZXaOQ1r2x-CydYfqOpElhcn/s1600/Plebejus+optilete+2017+06+21+Hinterzarten+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgidQofvZKrvpAmOhi7FYJ-WyEAvsosCq7FECjTbfHCz1nmXrkzVLsWE5dSMkq47hp9IuefqD3s_WXNaaCCg_jDLsf0XUVeoVbY0I1DVRNAimzeNgFxGjhIZXaOQ1r2x-CydYfqOpElhcn/s640/Plebejus+optilete+2017+06+21+Hinterzarten+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-7745532164798829742017-07-01T19:53:00.001+02:002017-08-16T23:12:34.012+02:00SW-Germany (1): Hesperids/Papilionids/Pierids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
When from Belgium and wanting to see a lot of butterflies in a radius of maximum a one day drive one always thinks of going south or going to the mountains but only few people think of going to our eastern neighbors, at most we drive through Germany. It was so bad that until this year I had only seen 14 butterfly species in Germany...<br />
This year I wanted to make a change in that so I made a trip of a short week from 18-22 June to SW-Germany. Main objectives of the trip were to see some species at their closest populations to Belgium, some of them have been seen in Belgium but at least ages ago. I went from NW to SE to end up in the southern Black Forest.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLkk1ypZk64qETqS-6ucn42MUCWcizNUr7zqxHK5FUX4fEmI-tx1ZyfZNdY5beQVX5s2IZDnjHs2jQuys6uuYs9GEXXZj9Macuj8QaWYjoe-r0TdsoLeOzvccqjit4_Tds1XNupcidVOD/s1600/map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="639" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLkk1ypZk64qETqS-6ucn42MUCWcizNUr7zqxHK5FUX4fEmI-tx1ZyfZNdY5beQVX5s2IZDnjHs2jQuys6uuYs9GEXXZj9Macuj8QaWYjoe-r0TdsoLeOzvccqjit4_Tds1XNupcidVOD/s640/map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Pyrgus alveus</u></i><br />
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This species has some records in Belgium but the most recent one dating back to 1938. The situation of the species in northern France is unclear to me, at least in the high Vosges it is still present. But only some 20 km east of Belgium the species is present on the calcareous grasslands of the Eifel. These grasslands are 500m+ high and in this way hold a different fauna than the lower (200-300m) calcareous grasslands of Belgium. As this seems to be a polytypic species with some cryptic diversity I really wanted to see the closest ones to Belgium.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUnQz0pLmbaVv6kZhrGQtwzSghSRpix2Ixb9AsN-HH52BzCNcziKttxiOq_DbnXEgy3ndD-Tow6LQ5uEQv-ALLBjYy3rGqbsMg8xkhY3rF_ke4USTp2nEv5jRwmsMNN6EVcB5Ra7Kuky2/s1600/Pyrgus+alveus+2017+06+18+Alendorf+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUnQz0pLmbaVv6kZhrGQtwzSghSRpix2Ixb9AsN-HH52BzCNcziKttxiOq_DbnXEgy3ndD-Tow6LQ5uEQv-ALLBjYy3rGqbsMg8xkhY3rF_ke4USTp2nEv5jRwmsMNN6EVcB5Ra7Kuky2/s640/Pyrgus+alveus+2017+06+18+Alendorf+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Pyrgus alveus</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM8PGW8MxP-EZsEqEWDEMjGXjkArIU2Rho28uxW2OAn8O_wyWpI2Agjoqo09Wtis_ikeLDBTlsLgMxrCsMzHu8anKg61gG7GlKcdIb7GpmPuUwiuqUtJUfH-PgyCFCJ_IOaio474FZr91b/s1600/Pyrgus+alveus+2017+06+18+Alendorf+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM8PGW8MxP-EZsEqEWDEMjGXjkArIU2Rho28uxW2OAn8O_wyWpI2Agjoqo09Wtis_ikeLDBTlsLgMxrCsMzHu8anKg61gG7GlKcdIb7GpmPuUwiuqUtJUfH-PgyCFCJ_IOaio474FZr91b/s640/Pyrgus+alveus+2017+06+18+Alendorf+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Pyrgus alveus</i>, female</div>
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<i><u>Pyrgus carthami</u></i></div>
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Along the river Nahe in the south of the plateau of the Hunsrück some high cliffs can be found with calcareous grasslands on top. These locations hold some nice species with <i>Pyrgus carthami</i> as the best one. Just like previous species this one has some historical records in the extreme south of Belgium, last one dating back to 1921.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOUZA1ywcLb-Ru7ILdADO0CkcBtnVyIolJ8Q6rigvXy_EUKerAnDomGLV7qlHwQB63kvpyWKqgYOZsa3h9rESxip-73KG5q2mjbr_6ywxENYGsMMHKj-G96u4Gn3Bg_R6OFjrZ-LomXzY/s1600/Pyrgus+carthami+2017+06+20+Traisen+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOUZA1ywcLb-Ru7ILdADO0CkcBtnVyIolJ8Q6rigvXy_EUKerAnDomGLV7qlHwQB63kvpyWKqgYOZsa3h9rESxip-73KG5q2mjbr_6ywxENYGsMMHKj-G96u4Gn3Bg_R6OFjrZ-LomXzY/s640/Pyrgus+carthami+2017+06+20+Traisen+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Pyrgus carthami</i></div>
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<i><u>Parnassius apollo</u></i></div>
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This species has disappeared from a lot of its former lowland locations in Europe but in the valley of the Moselle, where the river cuts deep through some high, dark reddish brown cliffs, a population of Apollo is still present. These locations are only 150-250m high so the species is already on the wing there end of May, half of June I mainly saw females.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSR0Hx6-ZMa8SUBujjdeSviPUeByn1p6vKcm7MWZ-nJhPoEU2CeKtkA9nw5JxxCeaCweVi9QIZi97AymLn8d4o6pcE9bE74Md75k0bjudqee_3IDw1VxxK65qgp7vwP-T_d8U-25bT7nWk/s1600/Parnassius+apollo+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSR0Hx6-ZMa8SUBujjdeSviPUeByn1p6vKcm7MWZ-nJhPoEU2CeKtkA9nw5JxxCeaCweVi9QIZi97AymLn8d4o6pcE9bE74Md75k0bjudqee_3IDw1VxxK65qgp7vwP-T_d8U-25bT7nWk/s640/Parnassius+apollo+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq5YwC3AvgmIXuliLCVokWGNZUOyaB8c22oo5_xi_tDACKDedayftwiG2WrVbkQj-eyyW6Qq4Dzz1YKaG8DFdPykV15sGzaAVZ3vMP9eMlb2f8J9UEEkEKtAlO0tezkxMAIH31pAX5jZi/s1600/Parnassius+apollo+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq5YwC3AvgmIXuliLCVokWGNZUOyaB8c22oo5_xi_tDACKDedayftwiG2WrVbkQj-eyyW6Qq4Dzz1YKaG8DFdPykV15sGzaAVZ3vMP9eMlb2f8J9UEEkEKtAlO0tezkxMAIH31pAX5jZi/s640/Parnassius+apollo+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25282%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i><u>Pieris mannii</u></i></div>
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This species is still expanding its range to the north and can even be found in natural environments (as the expansion seems to be lead through adaption to living in hotter urban gardens...). This picture, showing a female, was made along the Apollo cliffs at the Moselle valley.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnnTJGChs0Ymsb27DMs96BwSAHyNNaO96eH5tTf5PaeDm5vJ1R39do0vECAI3HkbTrl_9Xp0fmPJ7FZtdyfPideoWuvn4fwxd39sSULqlKaKdb5E6nISt3hBoZzJHZnmjOlGA05JY-eID0/s1600/Pieris+mannii+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnnTJGChs0Ymsb27DMs96BwSAHyNNaO96eH5tTf5PaeDm5vJ1R39do0vECAI3HkbTrl_9Xp0fmPJ7FZtdyfPideoWuvn4fwxd39sSULqlKaKdb5E6nISt3hBoZzJHZnmjOlGA05JY-eID0/s640/Pieris+mannii+2017+06+20+Cochem+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<u><i>Colias palaeno</i></u></div>
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In the south of the Black Forest there are still some nice bog habitats, at one of them I found no less than 4 typical bog specialties! The first one is <i>Colias palaeno</i>, a species once present in Belgium with the last sighting in 1956. Two attempts for reintroduction between 1959 and 1970 failed.</div>
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male</div>
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female</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-61693094225224148642017-03-24T23:23:00.000+01:002017-03-24T23:23:19.825+01:00Local spring on the move<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Last Wednesday I saw a comma <i>Polygonia c-album</i> depositing an egg on <i>Urtica dioica</i> during my fieldwork. I hadn't got the egg of this species on picture yet so - as I didn't have my camera with me during work - I decided to return today to get the egg on pic.<br />
Although there was a rather cold wind several butterflies and several spring hoverflies were active.<br />
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Peacock <i>Aglais io</i></div>
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Holy blue <i>Celestrina argiolus</i> male, first pupae hibernators on the move already</div>
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Brimstone <i>Gonepteryx rhamni</i> male</div>
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<i>Cheilosia albipila</i> male</div>
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The egg itself was in a shady part of the forest on a low and small nettle, so not easy task to get pictures of</div>
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Comma <i>Polygonia c-album</i> on stinging nettle <i>Urtica dioica</i></div>
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Once back home I thought of checking some <i>Ribes</i> in the garden as I had found caterpillars of Comma in the previous years on those plants. It took me no more than 10 seconds to find an egg! No laying on the ground in fresh stinging nettles to get pictures of this one! The small caterpillar is already formed inside the egg and you can see the slightly darker head in the upper part of the egg.</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-49238202085917760712017-02-21T22:25:00.004+01:002017-02-21T22:25:53.324+01:00Gran Canaria & Fuerteventura: moths (4)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Just like in butterflies, the Canary islands holds only a limited amount of species of moths (compared to mainland European countries) but the fauna is a very diverse one. It is a mixture of widespread SW European species, N African species, African migrants and endemic species.<br />
During my trip I had the luck to stay at some locations with spotlights on the terraces that attracted nice numbers of moths.<br />
It is by no means the intention of this post to give a full overview, just to give a glimpse of the diverse fauna.<br />
For determination I used several sources, two of them are most important. Last year during my stay in Tenerife I could buy this book of Marcoz Baez: <a href="http://www.pemberleybooks.com/product/mariposas-de-canarias/30/">http://www.pemberleybooks.com/product/mariposas-de-canarias/30/</a><br />
It gives an overview of all Canarian species with a fair number of them on picture (collection specimens), nomenclature is a bit outdated.<br />
When coming to an initial determination with that book I later on checked this with pictures on <a href="http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Schmetterlingsfamilien_Europa" target="_blank">lepiforum</a>.<br />
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<b>Noctuidae</b><br />
<i>Euxoa canariensis</i><br />
Unlike what the name suggests this species is not an endemic although the nominotypical subspecies is and is originally described from the Canary islands. It is a widespread, but like all <i>Euxoa</i> species, a variable species.<br />
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<i>Acontia lucida</i></div>
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A widespread S European species.</div>
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<i>Caradrina rebeli</i></div>
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An endemic species, seemed to be widespread. In Baez both <i>Caradrina rebeli</i> and <i>Caradrina lanzarotensis</i> are mentioned but the latter seems nowadays to be considered a synonym, probably referring to the pale morphs.</div>
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dark morph on Gran Canaria</div>
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pale morph on Fuerteventura</div>
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<i>Mniotype usurpatrix</i></div>
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Endemic of the Canary islands.</div>
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<i>Gerarctia poliotis</i><br />
A very small Noctuid species, endemic.<br />
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<b>Erebidae</b></div>
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<i>Rhynchina canariensis</i></div>
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An endemic and variable species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEdYGx8N-PmCOv4avqViFhayWvR64F6mvulklQAIPDHxP1FsbFdDrrUYqSSc_QItw4X2HrdXh0FXCGcIfyqeS_RezuCb398x9xxcN0T7lbmjClXtvFUcZR7c4d5Zh_ClP9oN2fsz6ijrxe/s1600/Rhynchina+canariensis+2017+01+26+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEdYGx8N-PmCOv4avqViFhayWvR64F6mvulklQAIPDHxP1FsbFdDrrUYqSSc_QItw4X2HrdXh0FXCGcIfyqeS_RezuCb398x9xxcN0T7lbmjClXtvFUcZR7c4d5Zh_ClP9oN2fsz6ijrxe/s640/Rhynchina+canariensis+2017+01+26+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Hypena obsitalis</i></div>
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A widespread Mediterranean species with migratory behavior.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1lib3501qExvX_08QniQTQAXiO_y7Nni5rUJjfaAbxopH4-I1msWgTMvfbVI3JIOrq35VdnAZ1VCAGjS3w8X_59QNFDnzcKC5P-_o0lrEzCrJXJc_hqBW02i2re21sh8196owdfOb61l/s1600/Hypena+obsitalis+2017+01+28+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1lib3501qExvX_08QniQTQAXiO_y7Nni5rUJjfaAbxopH4-I1msWgTMvfbVI3JIOrq35VdnAZ1VCAGjS3w8X_59QNFDnzcKC5P-_o0lrEzCrJXJc_hqBW02i2re21sh8196owdfOb61l/s640/Hypena+obsitalis+2017+01+28+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Cerocala algiriae</i></div>
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A Mediterranean species.</div>
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<i>Eublemma cochylioides</i></div>
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A southern migratory species, a marvelous little creature.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRmkpjVsQNTi_tw8h_GqOYDT_bb1uok574OlDcQj9ZUDr0_PrR4PSjAGgTYY-kNGZyT6M5nf4xQoFC6WG74TdAPgyU3umjR7J_Yhsj-53MoxQckNyPPbDITU3loBJn80ukREdu3Po9g9v/s1600/Eublemma+cochylioides+2017+01+28+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRmkpjVsQNTi_tw8h_GqOYDT_bb1uok574OlDcQj9ZUDr0_PrR4PSjAGgTYY-kNGZyT6M5nf4xQoFC6WG74TdAPgyU3umjR7J_Yhsj-53MoxQckNyPPbDITU3loBJn80ukREdu3Po9g9v/s640/Eublemma+cochylioides+2017+01+28+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Geometridae</b></div>
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<i>Episauris kiliani</i></div>
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This species I didn't see on this trip but last year in La Gomera. As it is a Macaronesian endemic specialized for the three heath above the laurel forests that are so typical for the Macaronesian islands I found it nice to include it here.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNrgQ-QyuvIis5Ajlr6kIwDxX98TZQAmc2PUPcwoI5X9UIlJMKbOnW6m9kq0rMKYfXygO1u99oaXYbZtG7YUIfVRH59g8OEd7B6Z6yrmEsfGdaIJCf0CfS8RseGLamtCH_Gtmxf8zMiz49/s1600/Episauris+kiliani+2016+02+23+Las+Hayas+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNrgQ-QyuvIis5Ajlr6kIwDxX98TZQAmc2PUPcwoI5X9UIlJMKbOnW6m9kq0rMKYfXygO1u99oaXYbZtG7YUIfVRH59g8OEd7B6Z6yrmEsfGdaIJCf0CfS8RseGLamtCH_Gtmxf8zMiz49/s640/Episauris+kiliani+2016+02+23+Las+Hayas+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Eupithecia tenerifensis</i></div>
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One of the several endemic <i>Eupithecia</i> species, more of them to follow!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg21Ve_7sM9Hq9XYeqPbvrrAGLzgKNVGUOdOpj0sGdYeqJOA1ayOsUvJtcdm7B2c2TVfapiFWkNnrkoSI7QQeH9yInNu-Fi_ys8L_Cv31sj4yR9Ip7VDlDxn98Uvw-akHwSCZJFv77ql3Q5/s1600/Eupithecia+tenerifensis+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg21Ve_7sM9Hq9XYeqPbvrrAGLzgKNVGUOdOpj0sGdYeqJOA1ayOsUvJtcdm7B2c2TVfapiFWkNnrkoSI7QQeH9yInNu-Fi_ys8L_Cv31sj4yR9Ip7VDlDxn98Uvw-akHwSCZJFv77ql3Q5/s640/Eupithecia+tenerifensis+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Eupithecia schuetzeata</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMx68kiYzNV-nH4ZPrP0AD7VGpFJFeNljhghEgoRaOWSZcqkqALyvSxprsO-51V6cF4XEKU8kgBxEHu5107s9qViDfKAisN9Z6hLLwBfOSqg7D3aB46L1Guuo1tJ-2B4a-FZTNpzh-V3iI/s1600/Eupithecia+schuetzeata+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMx68kiYzNV-nH4ZPrP0AD7VGpFJFeNljhghEgoRaOWSZcqkqALyvSxprsO-51V6cF4XEKU8kgBxEHu5107s9qViDfKAisN9Z6hLLwBfOSqg7D3aB46L1Guuo1tJ-2B4a-FZTNpzh-V3iI/s640/Eupithecia+schuetzeata+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Eupithecia rosai</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOsSiH2EdzENWa7OYtbyEGPeDy9T4m6L3ibZZoI_vUEG0-YR5wf26Bp3mFFxLN0HGVZrY9JxADj_NL8BqT83mJURWXokH3My-a3GlVdnun3g9GcxcTzVzGQ9Mx_CFExw6yjfGBngdxAdFk/s1600/Eupithecia+rosai+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOsSiH2EdzENWa7OYtbyEGPeDy9T4m6L3ibZZoI_vUEG0-YR5wf26Bp3mFFxLN0HGVZrY9JxADj_NL8BqT83mJURWXokH3My-a3GlVdnun3g9GcxcTzVzGQ9Mx_CFExw6yjfGBngdxAdFk/s640/Eupithecia+rosai+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Scopula guancharia</i></div>
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Again an endemic species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd9gySEbz2HNXHAIUKdRy1xtczluEYgbXocVlQtvWdDO0RPL_O1Nl7_qiaRtiGgiolqQcSVaZIlmuLZsZ9bBKCTfoIfTwUe_BRWB2G-SCwbsPztZyAqAJN4PoXIWzEfaKwOxBiwt4KsPZE/s1600/Scopula+guancharia+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd9gySEbz2HNXHAIUKdRy1xtczluEYgbXocVlQtvWdDO0RPL_O1Nl7_qiaRtiGgiolqQcSVaZIlmuLZsZ9bBKCTfoIfTwUe_BRWB2G-SCwbsPztZyAqAJN4PoXIWzEfaKwOxBiwt4KsPZE/s640/Scopula+guancharia+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Scopula asellaria</i></div>
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A Mediterranean species with a Canarian subspecies.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSCcdZkFa23uXAGX1mucVYfcfEbfijKOAVL_jgh1hYODZbuEmrhOlWS97b6U4-yrNTU8oNIyYRGsOihQG7g2IvPzi0ePutaYaizxA67Orqb-YLnrzaDPp6y6FP9R-ZBj4B1xyZ95FD88jS/s1600/Glossotrophia+asellaria+2017+01+31+Lajares+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSCcdZkFa23uXAGX1mucVYfcfEbfijKOAVL_jgh1hYODZbuEmrhOlWS97b6U4-yrNTU8oNIyYRGsOihQG7g2IvPzi0ePutaYaizxA67Orqb-YLnrzaDPp6y6FP9R-ZBj4B1xyZ95FD88jS/s640/Glossotrophia+asellaria+2017+01+31+Lajares+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Aspitates collinaria</i></div>
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Endemic to the Canaries.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_IrdeEh3Z6ftldpaJFMjRkAqPEfdUmG8mOOn73aY3HLq0jVh_7D3DDYtnNwztJDTG5gIpSIOaD8oNaXj68jTqzuEIuuYVqRsBak8Rv8l0_pMyzsKKlKScX9vdQD_H3ry1hWgOAGfImxLH/s1600/Aspitates+collinaria+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_IrdeEh3Z6ftldpaJFMjRkAqPEfdUmG8mOOn73aY3HLq0jVh_7D3DDYtnNwztJDTG5gIpSIOaD8oNaXj68jTqzuEIuuYVqRsBak8Rv8l0_pMyzsKKlKScX9vdQD_H3ry1hWgOAGfImxLH/s640/Aspitates+collinaria+2017+01+27+Tejeda+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Microloxia schmitzi</i></div>
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Known from the Canary islands and SW Morocco.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9KS1slcMAfua06PiQAXta-osNW93I4Jz_H4qNb78GzKgjprvzwg1gjXvE28U_4FyjDZHa0YpFP4Vrj-fEu4h1tnCECF1stNf7NC5fbtZX8qH9GqAgcCxj-FeaGkZmLaEeEdDWgB-7azlf/s1600/Microloxia+schmitzi+2017+02+02+Lajares+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9KS1slcMAfua06PiQAXta-osNW93I4Jz_H4qNb78GzKgjprvzwg1gjXvE28U_4FyjDZHa0YpFP4Vrj-fEu4h1tnCECF1stNf7NC5fbtZX8qH9GqAgcCxj-FeaGkZmLaEeEdDWgB-7azlf/s640/Microloxia+schmitzi+2017+02+02+Lajares+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Sphingidae</b></div>
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<i>Hyles tithymali</i></div>
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<a href="http://tpittaway.tripod.com/sphinx/h_tith.htm" target="_blank">Nominotypical subspecies</a> is a Canarian endemic, seems to replace <i>Hyles euphorbiae </i>in the Canaries. We only found the species as caterpillar.</div>
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Hope you all enjoyed this small introduction to the moths of the Canaries! </div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-50380606684950763442017-02-17T17:25:00.001+01:002017-02-17T17:25:19.044+01:00Gran Canaria & Fuerteventura - Nymphalidae (3)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Danaus plexippus</i><br />
This nearctic species is fairly common in the Canary islands, reproduction probably happens mostly near urban environments where the larval foodplants of the genera <i>Asclepias</i> and <i>Gomphocarpus</i> are widely used in gardens and parks but as it is a strong flyer you can come across a Monarch about every where there are some flowers and trees.<br />
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nectar feeding on the larval foodplant <i>Asclepias curassavica</i></div>
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males are recognized by their androconial patches central on the hindwing</div>
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<i>Danaus chrysippus</i></div>
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This species is more confined to natural habitats in the Canaries than previous species. It is an afrotropical species with a migratory behavior, each year moving up north to the Mediterranean area with highest abundances in autumn. Most probably the species can't survive Mediterranean winters. </div>
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In the Canary islands this species is probably present year-round and is mainly found in warm barrancos, these locations heat up quickly during the day but still hold some humidity in the lowest parts creating the specific needs for this species with the larval foodplants present on the dry slopes and more lush vegetation with nectar for the adults.</div>
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<i>Vanessa vulcania</i></div>
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This Macaronesian endemic can be found on Gran Canaria & Fuerteventura. I only saw a few individuals on Gran Canaria, it seemed less common than on Tenerife last year.</div>
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<i>Vanessa atalanta</i></div>
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Seen more or less daily but never in great numbers.</div>
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<i>Vanessa cardui</i></div>
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This species was common all over, mostly in singletons but near Betancuria in central Fuerteventura locally large numbers could be found. Most of these butterflies were rather fresh, suggesting that these butterflies were locally bred and not immigrants for more south. Larvae were found on lots of locations on at least three different foodplants: <i>Malva cf. parviflora</i> (GC & FU), <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> (FU) and <i>Forsskaolea angustifolia</i> (GC & FU). Apart from living larvae also lots of empty larval cases were found, some of them containing dried up dead larvae suggesting a high level of predation and/or parasitism.</div>
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nearly full grown larva on <i>Malva</i></div>
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young larva on <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> </div>
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Some <i>Echium decaisnei</i> plants near Betancuria attracted high numbers</div>
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nice & fresh</div>
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<i>Vanessa virginiensis</i></div>
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In older literature this species is not mentioned for Gran Canaria, recently however there seem to be at least some sightings (see <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/blezsp/15515886175/" target="_blank">for example</a>). I saw one individual in central Gran Canaria but unfortunately was unable to make pictures. Luckily I made some nice pictures <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/03/tenerife-and-la-gomera-species-accounts_7.html" target="_blank">last year</a>.</div>
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<i>Pararge xiphioides</i></div>
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Endemic to the 5 western islands, strangely enough I only saw one individual on Gran Canaria. As it was early in the trip I didn't put much effort in making pictures. Probably this species is more common in the more humid north of the island, while we mainly visited locations in the southern half of the island. Pictures of this species in <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/03/tenerife-and-la-gomera-species-accounts_8.html" target="_blank">last years overview</a>.</div>
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<i>Hipparchia tamadabae</i></div>
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Flight period for this species is mostly described as starting from april (late march). A <a href="http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Hipparchia_Tamadabae" target="_blank">picture on lepiforum</a> suggested already that locally this species can fly more early. It was however not until we accidentally met some Belgian friends who had made pictures of an individual end of January that I started to hope to see this species this early. When returning to Gran Canaria from Fuerteventura we visited both the location of the Belgians as the location of the German observation and on both locations we saw the species. This must by far be the earliest <i>Hipparchia</i> to start flight season!</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-74958444330230278912017-02-16T17:41:00.003+01:002017-02-16T17:41:51.054+01:00Gran Canaria & Fuerteventura - Lycaenidae (2)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Cacyreus marshalli</i><br />
This originally southern African species is well spread in the Canaries, mainly around buildings where the larval foodplant <i>Pellargonium</i> grows, but it can be found in more natural environment ass well. This species was accidentally introduced to the Balearics in the late 1980's and has since then spread all over the Mediterranean area. Nowadays it can be found from the Canary islands in the west to Turkey in the east.<br />
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<i>Cyclyrius webbianus</i><br />
This species is an endemic of the 5 westernmost Canary islands so it can be found on Gran Canaria but not on Fuerteventura/Lanzarote. The species is not uncommon in natural environments in Gran Canaria although numbers are rather low in winter. More information on this species in <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/03/tenerife-and-la-gomera-species-accounts_6.html" target="_blank">the post from last year</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhbF9tZoVXv6Em53-EFdgzdk1YLNiDQwF4XGipuQwT9nNP71NJ5EqAG-i1-xgn9i6iL55J0HEDjizcVb8aOGkSz9A1t-m8ss98e1mFrw2QhwHmSKuZve8R7OUDyncuQUlDBZW4JafHUgV/s1600/Cyclyrius+webbianus+2017+01+27+Acusa+verde+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhbF9tZoVXv6Em53-EFdgzdk1YLNiDQwF4XGipuQwT9nNP71NJ5EqAG-i1-xgn9i6iL55J0HEDjizcVb8aOGkSz9A1t-m8ss98e1mFrw2QhwHmSKuZve8R7OUDyncuQUlDBZW4JafHUgV/s640/Cyclyrius+webbianus+2017+01+27+Acusa+verde+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Lampides boeticus</i><br />
This is a subsaharan migratory species, just like the well known <i><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bij.12873/abstract" target="_blank">Vanessa cardui</a>.</i> Building up populations after winter, each generation moves up further north into Europe, retreating back south when northern winter starts again. This species is fairly common in the Canaries with locally nice numbers together. Probably the species breeds throughout the year in the Canary islands.<br />
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<i>Leptotes pirithous</i><br />
Just like previous species this is an African migratory species, however reaching less far north into Europe where populations never really reach far beyond the Mediterranean region. Unlike previous species this one is only recently known from the Canary islands, only <a href="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/455/45528755006.pdf" target="_blank">since halfway the 1990's</a> observations became known of the Canaries but now it has been seen from all of the islands already.<br />
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For people having difficulties in determination of <i>Lampides boeticus</i> and <i>Leptotes pirithous</i> this last picture can be an informative one. The lower individual is <i>Leptotes pirithous</i>, the other is <i>Lampides boeticus</i>. </div>
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In <i>Leptotes pirithous</i> you can see a clear white line at the base of the front wing along the costa, in <i>Lampides boeticus</i> you can see broad vague white lines in between the fine white lines where <i>Leptotes pirithous</i> only has a chaotic pattern of fine white lines.</div>
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<i>Polyommatus celina</i><br />
This taxon replaces <i>Polyommatus icarus</i> in N-Africa and some extreme southwestern parts of Europe and has no definite external characters <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Vila2/publication/51611911_A_combined_genetic-morphometric_analysis_unravels_the_complex_biogeographical_history_of_Polyommatus_icarus_and_Polyommatus_celina_Common_Blue_butterflies/links/0deec5227b30ced027000000.pdf" target="_blank">but differs clearly in mtDNA</a>. In the two easternmost Canary islands it is present as well and not uncommon wherever the larval foodplant <i>Lotus lancerottensis </i>is present. There are records from some of the more westerly islands as well but these remain unconfirmed and may refer to misidentifications with other species of blues present.<br />
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male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWTE54hO4iMSfqrvqczS0OryqBopiZFVcqZOIwVm_iJYU9GNum5UWzMVIkxcfGGY9NYNLh-6b1Jn7bTVdFSwTGEO7OEZ0XCb0C3uWaF7AMUp3AhTEc5B6sNMlkKxtkgTLlBf2ziWt7Figh/s1600/Polyommatus+celina+2017+02+02+Betancuria+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWTE54hO4iMSfqrvqczS0OryqBopiZFVcqZOIwVm_iJYU9GNum5UWzMVIkxcfGGY9NYNLh-6b1Jn7bTVdFSwTGEO7OEZ0XCb0C3uWaF7AMUp3AhTEc5B6sNMlkKxtkgTLlBf2ziWt7Figh/s640/Polyommatus+celina+2017+02+02+Betancuria+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Brightly coloured female on the larval foodplant</div>
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male</div>
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<i>Aricia cramera</i><br />
Present on the 5 westernmost Islands. It replaces <a href="http://molbiol.ru/forums/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=159912" target="_blank">Aricia agestis</a> in the Iberian peninsula and northern Africa. We didn't see it last year on Tenerife or La Gomera but found it not uncommon on Gran Canaria this year on some semi-natural grasslands.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXMOcsTFE3748BRY-fojd52KUC_POwEeKKSArBIUB6OvPXGpFBe4vuA52sMH5nVSwzYMex28N9CZfz0JzvwdODzFpp4N2rr5IZdpE4OorfotT9_7Ms0FrXD1WvqWknlFNbzSZ_DtPeo78/s1600/Aricia+cramera+2017+01+27+Acusa+verde+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXMOcsTFE3748BRY-fojd52KUC_POwEeKKSArBIUB6OvPXGpFBe4vuA52sMH5nVSwzYMex28N9CZfz0JzvwdODzFpp4N2rr5IZdpE4OorfotT9_7Ms0FrXD1WvqWknlFNbzSZ_DtPeo78/s640/Aricia+cramera+2017+01+27+Acusa+verde+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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copula</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd39CZSY2RaMBMJlBFxGP7Cf-FtGHxa55Jr5h3r-SK26YebU6lE4qhLiK1N5iOGQf1GJbLImcHxeZ5MJca8BJdveLBtU8pxSfSRnl3ZG35HA-xSJVDH0pr93FVL4Iy2FrGnuuKlcsKv-7I/s1600/Aricia+cramera+2017+01+29+Soria+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd39CZSY2RaMBMJlBFxGP7Cf-FtGHxa55Jr5h3r-SK26YebU6lE4qhLiK1N5iOGQf1GJbLImcHxeZ5MJca8BJdveLBtU8pxSfSRnl3ZG35HA-xSJVDH0pr93FVL4Iy2FrGnuuKlcsKv-7I/s640/Aricia+cramera+2017+01+29+Soria+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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male</div>
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<i>Zizeeria knysna</i><br />
Mostly on grasslands around human settlements but the male pictured here was found in a dried up barranco in semi-natural environment.<br />
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<i>Azanus ubaldus</i><br />
This is a desert species with a distribution from central Asia to N Africa. Until recently there were only a few sightings from the Canary islands, except from one Fuerteventura sighting all of them from the southern tip of Gran Canaria. Recently <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307973013_The_life_cycle_and_ecology_of_Azanus_ubaldus_Stoll_1782_Lepidoptera_Lycaenidae_on_Gran_Canaria" target="_blank">more about the life cycle</a> became known.<br />
It is a very small species flying at high speed through the branches of its larval foodplant, in Gran Canaria the non native <i>Acacia farnesiana</i> and <i>Prosopis juliflora</i>. After more than two hours of observations I saw the species on some 5 occasions, some of these probably concerning the same male doing patrol flights. Unfortunately I was not able to make pictures in the field because never I saw the species sitting down. With some mechanical help however I could confirm the species, as these same trees are used by <i>Leptotes pirithous</i> as well. The latter is however a slightly bit bigger and brighter blue and has a less erratic flight. Both confirmed larval foodplants are used as ornamental plant on the Canary islands, above that both species, and especially <i>Acacia farnesiana</i>,<i> </i>have a tendency to become invasive species. We saw lots of <i>Acacia farnesiana </i>in some abandoned fields along the GC-505 road just N of the main highway, unfortunately too late on the day to stop and have a check for <i>Azanus ubaldus</i>.<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Acacia farnesiana</i></div>
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female <i>Azanus ubaldus</i>, released in situ</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-29871700596064686032017-02-15T20:12:00.000+01:002017-02-15T20:12:13.548+01:00Gran Canaria & Fuerteventura - Introduction and Pieridae (1)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Last year I made a winter visit to Tenerife & La Gomera. This year again we wanted to enjoy some sun in winter time so we decided to pick two other of the Canary islands to travel to, we left Belgium on 26th of January and returned on the 7th of February. The island choice was easily made. The period is the ideal period to see some small Pierids on the eastern Islands and visiting Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura gives enough variation in habitats to make a twelve day stay enjoyable. Some basic information on the Canary islands can be found in this <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/03/canary-islands-tenerife-and-la-gomera.html" target="_blank">previous post</a>. Here I will start immediately with species accounts of the species seen on this trip.<br />
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<b>Whites - Pieridae</b><br />
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<i>Pieris rapae</i> & <i>Colias croceus</i> were of the most common butterflies observed all over. As they are part of the most common butterflies in Europe as well, I will not go deeper into the observations made of these species. The same for <i>Pontia daplidice</i>, this species can be very common in SW Europe and can be encountered all over the Canary islands, although in winter it doesn't seem to be the most widespread species.<br />
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<i>Euchloe (Elphinstonia) charlonia</i><br />
This small sulfur yellow butterfly has a distribution all over northern Africa and parts of the Middle East. In southern Turkey the distribution reaches the distribution of the look-a-like <i>Euchloe penia</i>. To the west the species reaches the two easternmost Canary islands Fuerteventura & Lanzarote. Some populations on mainland Spain, only discovered in the 1990's, are nowadays considered a species on its own, <i>Euchloe bazae</i>. There are observations of <i>E. charlonia</i> in more or less all months of the year but at least in the Canary islands main flight period seems to be limited to late winter - early spring, from December to April, in one main and a second partial generation. The species is a strong flyer and can be seen almost everywhere in open landscape. Males can most easily be found by their hill-topping behavior, females can probably more easily be found in the slightly more humid corners of the barrancos in this barren landscape as these are the locations where several Brassicaceae grow that serve as larval foodplant. Most butterflies we saw were already a bit abraded, probably we were over the peak of the first generation.<br />
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<i>Euchloe hesperidum</i></div>
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The Canary islands holds some butterfly taxa closely related to Euchloe belemia, widespread in the southern Iberian peninsula and N-Africa with representatives on 3 Canarian islands (FU, GC and TE). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23931375_Intraspecific_evolution_of_Canarian_Euchloe_Lepidoptera_Pieridae_butterflies_based_on_mtDNA_sequences" target="_blank">Recent genetic research</a> shows these representatives to be genetically distant from the mainland populations and shows a considerable amount of genetic distance between these three island populations as well. As a consequence these three taxa are considered on Fauna Europaea as three different species.</div>
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In Fuerteventura, <i>E. hesperidum</i> is a fairly common species to be found all over the islands in the slightly more humid corners of barrancos, along abandoned fields and road verges.</div>
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<i>Euchloe grancanariensis</i></div>
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This is the representative of the <i>Euchloe belemia</i> group on Gran Canaria. We found it fairly common higher up in the mountain, as with other species of this genus the hill topping behavior of the males makes it not to difficult to find the species.</div>
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<i>Catopsilia florella</i></div>
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This is a species with mainly a tropical African and Asian distribution and with a well known migratory behavior. Thanks to this behavior and the fact that the non native larval foodplant is being used in the Canary islands as an ornamental plant this species has been able to build op some local populations on the Canary islands, mainly to be found in tourist resorts and coastal towns where the conspicuous foodplant <i><a href="https://observation.org/soort/photos/403569" target="_blank">Cassia (=Senna) didymobotrya</a></i> grows in gardens and parks. We found the species at the entrance of the Oasis park in Fuerteventura. As well a full grown caterpillar on the foodplant as a few recently emerged adults.</div>
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More on Lycaenids in the next thread.</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-82137912414206930192016-11-16T12:06:00.002+01:002016-11-16T13:28:02.201+01:00Orange Hesperids in NW-Europe<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
When browsing through all sorts of citizen science pages collecting nature observation data I notice there is still a lot of confusion about the determination of some widespread orange Hesperids in at least NW-Europe but definitely also outside that area.<br />
Recently, together with some marvelous butterfly scientists, I could publish a paper concerning this matter, especially about the consequences of these difficulties in determination for the conservation of these butterflies. The article can be found here, anyone interested in more information can contact me: <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10841-016-9924-4" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10841-016-9924-4</a><br />
But of course, these kind of articles are not the right location to put more information on the field determination criteria as only few of the involved citizen scientists read the scientific literature on butterflies.<br />
For this reason I wanted to repeat some information on my blog. Some of you may think that this is not really necessary anymore with new butterfly field guides still appearing every now and then. Well, then have a good look on this page, scanned from the recent "Papillons de France" book (2014). Although the pale spots are nearly invisible on the picture the hooked tips of the antennae leave no doubt that the individual on the right upper side doesn't show a <i>Thymelicus lineola</i> but an <i>Ochlodes sylvanus</i>!!!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT2tEe3ofXMtd5MctDFUWbfrBqJUFolpRNHIAMEg7zPY2O7AIcL2t3V4MhHZgLRmvpPQvCeCJg6uoJlyOJsm3hnKrfRUygSi4nUWJEBPOCDbza_Bm2QpGV4gxjZgAB3gW9DgAqTxLNKpp7/s1600/Lafranchis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT2tEe3ofXMtd5MctDFUWbfrBqJUFolpRNHIAMEg7zPY2O7AIcL2t3V4MhHZgLRmvpPQvCeCJg6uoJlyOJsm3hnKrfRUygSi4nUWJEBPOCDbza_Bm2QpGV4gxjZgAB3gW9DgAqTxLNKpp7/s400/Lafranchis.jpg" width="260" /></a></div>
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Although I believe that the author, T. Lafranchis, achieved a lot with his books on European butterfly determination - making butterfly determination accessible for many thousands of people - as well as with his publications on butterfly ecology, such mistakes may eventually lead to large uncertainties in distribution databases (strikingly the distribution map shows <i>T. lineola</i> to be absent in the very NW of France while in fact in adjacent parts of Belgium it is the most common <i>Thymelicus</i>!) making it impossible to investigate what conservation measures should be taken to help certain species.<br />
I will talk about 5 species only in this thread, although there are some more orange coloured skippers in the WP area, some of them are confined to far away regions where citizen science is still not the major means to collect distribution data (<i>Thymelicus hamza</i>, <i>Thymelicus hyrax</i>, <i>Thymelicus novum</i>, <i>Ochlodes hyrcana</i>) or where no other species is present that can cause confusion (<i>Thymelicus christi</i>).<br />
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<i><b><u>Thymelicus lineola</u></b></i><br />
This small species is common in large parts of Europe, an increase in distribution has been noted in UK, Belgium & the Netherlands some time ago but recently at least in the Netherlands (and most probably in Belgium as well but in Belgium there is a lack of standardised monitoring) a decrease in abundance has been noted.<br />
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This fresh male shows the golden orange colour of the upperside. The black border on the wing diffuses to some extent in the veins. The<b> androconial stripe</b> is <b>short and straight</b>, in fresh males you can see that it consists of two parts with a very short stripe extra near the wing base.<br />
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The <b>underside of the antennal club</b> is <b>black</b>. Care should be taken however in abraded specimens late in the season, where this colour can fade to brown making confusion with <i>T. sylvestris</i> to become a big pitfall. In very abraded specimens it can therefore be advisable to keep the determination on <i>Thymelicus species </i>(although analysis from the genitalia in those cases will always give away the true identity but this is work for specialists).</div>
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The underside is straw coloured, sometimes with a grayish or even a greenish hue, underside colour however should only be used as indicative and not as discriminating character (see T. sylvestris).</div>
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<i><b><u>Thymelicus sylvestris</u></b></i><br />
Much alike previous species but there are some differences. A common species in large parts of Europe. At least in Flanders - and in the Netherlands as well - this species seems to suffer and decreases have been noted, as well in distribution as in abundance.<br />
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The main feature from previous species is the<b> underside colour of the antennal club</b>. This is brownish to <b>orange</b>. This feature is best to be seen in front view, evaluating this feature from the upperside will eventually lead to wrong interpretations.<br />
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The<b> androconial stripe</b> is slender but <b>long and curved</b>, fresh males can mostly be recognised by this. The black hind border is a bit more demarcated.<br />
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The underside of the hindwing and underside of frontwing tip mostly have a greenish hue and sometimes this is described as a feature to <i>T. lineola</i> where the underside more has a yellowish straw colour creating a less clear contrast between the colour of the base of underside frontwing with the wingtip. I strongly advise not to use this as a discriminating feature. Although the trend is certainly there, the colour of the underside is variable to some extent with some <i>T. lineola </i>having a bigger contrast and some <i>T. sylvestris</i> not showing much of the contrast. Apart from that, interpretation of colours and such contrasts from pictures is very dependent on lightning circumstances and camera settings. A good example of a picture showing <i>T. lineola</i> with a nice contrast between frontwing tip and base can be found <a href="https://waarnemingen.be/foto/view/3619254" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiaYKKEydsmMcPiDIgqzQS6bYZk72fuJAeAiRDDzTqUyCQ9KLlPZia77cSbUEW7LeeEdYmhH_Y-IV7rnOSaKmQdTZs62LKfV2kU5aLfHVk1rBImT0aaCCdbZqahQFAfNtdg4H-i_0W0Gz3/s1600/Thymelicus+sylvestris+2015+06+28+herentals+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiaYKKEydsmMcPiDIgqzQS6bYZk72fuJAeAiRDDzTqUyCQ9KLlPZia77cSbUEW7LeeEdYmhH_Y-IV7rnOSaKmQdTZs62LKfV2kU5aLfHVk1rBImT0aaCCdbZqahQFAfNtdg4H-i_0W0Gz3/s400/Thymelicus+sylvestris+2015+06+28+herentals+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i><b><u>Thymelicus acteon</u></b></i><br />
This is the rarest <i>Thymelicus </i>species in NW Europe. A lot of people claiming to have seen this species refer to the very small size and indeed this is the smallest of NW European orange skippers. However, the small size on itself can never be enough to conclude for this species! Male forewing length is described as being 11-13mm in Higgins & Riley for <i>T. acteon </i>while in <i>T. lineola</i> male forewing length is 12-14mm, so this means an overlap op 50% in males! When we then take into account that females normally are a bit bigger than males it is not so uncommon for an individual of <i>T. lineola</i> to be smaller than a <i>T. acteon</i>!<br />
As in <i>T. sylvestris</i> the underside of the antennal club is orange. The underside of the wings is unicolourous orange-like, sometimes a bit more grayish.<br />
When suspecting to see this species, one should really try to get a view on the upperside as there the best clues are to be found. The ground colour of the upperside is clearly more brownish than orange, unlike previous two species, lacking the golden hue.<br />
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A male <i>T. acteon</i> clearly showing a <b>more brownish ground colour</b> a <b>long, slender and curved androconial stripe</b> and showing the <b>faint half circle of pale spots</b> in the wingtip (pictured in Belgium by Wim Declercq, clicking on the picture brings you to the original location)<br />
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<a href="https://waarnemingen.be/waarneming/view/87092849" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://waarnemingen.be/fotonew/2/7191732.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In females of course the androconial stripe is absent but the <b>half circle of pale spots</b> is <b>more clear</b> and can't be missed.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFozN4KinOw9FZ5ChZ8_S98kPTMhaALmabzYoKzreH9oqxuZIH_XDxXtiqfbgRhP5jQsB9NCio5kQGni_eYqxmEEtKDg7h_a4_prshJM9xQTciZFyzN3jnbIOMaIbStEuc2HStc0job48_/s1600/Thymelicus+acteon+2011+08+02+ave-et-auffe+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFozN4KinOw9FZ5ChZ8_S98kPTMhaALmabzYoKzreH9oqxuZIH_XDxXtiqfbgRhP5jQsB9NCio5kQGni_eYqxmEEtKDg7h_a4_prshJM9xQTciZFyzN3jnbIOMaIbStEuc2HStc0job48_/s400/Thymelicus+acteon+2011+08+02+ave-et-auffe+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i><b><u>Ochlodes sylvanus</u></b></i><br />
This is a common species in large parts of Europe, often found in conditions that are a bit humid, f.e. rather at a forest edge than on large steppe grasslands. The frontwing edge can sometimes be a bit concave and the wing is more pointed than in the <i>Thymelicus</i> genus. <b>Pale spots</b> are obvious on upperside frontwing and contrasting with the darker brownish outer edge. <b>Androconial stripe</b> in males are <b>broad and long</b>, there is a clear <b>S-shaped</b> curve in it, with the broadest point in the middle. The<b> antennal club</b> has a clear and <b>long hook</b>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJb67r-KMBxeStyZ8MXagZcHz8cXdrd7GJnI2uNMOwnL1q_i1HsYaguI1DCeaXhGuLYQMvpEhc5ZAqFS00V-0lIGyNt8uqrQaUecBCRLXw-WvUkROPJt2jifabOvnKq5NEsnuS26PkfxMJ/s1600/Ochlodes+sylvanus+2013+07+14+mol+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJb67r-KMBxeStyZ8MXagZcHz8cXdrd7GJnI2uNMOwnL1q_i1HsYaguI1DCeaXhGuLYQMvpEhc5ZAqFS00V-0lIGyNt8uqrQaUecBCRLXw-WvUkROPJt2jifabOvnKq5NEsnuS26PkfxMJ/s400/Ochlodes+sylvanus+2013+07+14+mol+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>Pale spots</b> are visible on the <b>underside hindwing</b> as well but in very fresh specimens can remarkably be far from obvious while in some abraded individuals the spots on the underside can remind of the next species.<br />
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A fresh (upper) and an older (lower) specimen</div>
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The underside of the antennal club has a black tip as well, like in <i>T. lineola</i>, but the hook should always be obvious.<br />
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<i><b><u>Hesperia comma</u></b></i><br />
This species is a bit more confined than several of the common previous species. In NW Europe it is mostly found on dry heathlands or large dune complexes. In central Europe it is found on large calcareous grasslands, poor mountain grasslands, large steppes,...<br />
Like in previous species the <b>antennal club is hooked</b>, however the club itself is <b>a bit shorter and thicker</b> and the hook as well is shorter than in previous species.<br />
The <b>androconial stripe is more triangular</b> - broad at the base and pointed to the wingtip - and less S-shaped as it is in <i>Ochlodes sylvanus</i>. Clearly visible in this picture by Robin Septor (again, clicking on the picture brings you to the original location)<br />
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<a href="https://waarnemingen.be/waarneming/view/122113039" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://waarnemingen.be/fotonew/1/11598701.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The spots on the upperside are clearly visible and the two outermost spots are a bit more demarcated from the other spots, more than in <i>Ochlodes sylvanus</i>. As can be seen on this female.<br />
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Underside is greenish, sometimes with olive hue. On the underside hindwing as well, spots are clearly demarcated and the <b>comma-shaped spot in the wingbase</b> is what gave this species its name.</div>
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There is some variation in the size of the pale spots on the underside, this variation has led to description of some subspecies. In this Spanish individual the spots are bigger and the ground colour is faded to brown.</div>
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<a href="http://observation.org/fotonew/3/3858733.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://observation.org/fotonew/3/3858733.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-33904241929481490392016-10-06T00:31:00.000+02:002016-11-16T22:35:03.317+01:00Some Zygaenidae and Sesiidae seen in 2016<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="text-align: left;">Just a short post showing some pics of day-active moths seen during trips this year</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><b>Zygaenidae</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTzMs6bJPDpaLe2qDoptJXDC7dsmNjpG8CmEP1k4syQu6r-XNnXB4l6K3q_FzLmvXtjygF8UBgBdDqZdRtVj3HYCVkacluJQCC_VDIL-fe0O0UhjVu71CMDxFl4-WjVE5RV7Kr4HSZjZ0f/s1600/Rhagades+pruni+2016+07+07+Torgny+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTzMs6bJPDpaLe2qDoptJXDC7dsmNjpG8CmEP1k4syQu6r-XNnXB4l6K3q_FzLmvXtjygF8UBgBdDqZdRtVj3HYCVkacluJQCC_VDIL-fe0O0UhjVu71CMDxFl4-WjVE5RV7Kr4HSZjZ0f/s400/Rhagades+pruni+2016+07+07+Torgny+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Rhagades pruni</i>, male, Belgium</div>
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rather widespread on heathlands in the NE of Belgium, this picture however was made on a calcareous grassland in the very south of the country</div>
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<i>Zygaena filipendulae</i>, Belgium, the most common Zygaenid in Belgium</div>
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<i>Zygaena transalpina</i>, Belgium, notice the pale tips to the antennae</div>
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Rare species in Belgium, unclear to me if the few sightings are from migrants or if the species is just overlooked because of its resemblance with <i>Z. filipendulae</i>. The main character seems to be the pale tips to the antennae, although in some literature also the merging red spots on the underside frontwing is given as a character. However when looking at pictures of collected Zygaenids it seems to me like that character is variable in <i>Z. filipendulae</i> with some individuals showing merging red spots on the underside frontwing as well.</div>
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<i>Zygaena fausta</i>, Spain</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX3Odp5RFlhv4hKAnWc_tg42RnkdCKGEStmOyW_IQowoUdfO1QUMXbT9pSJVR-6z8ghYzklw2jBhn5jwWaW1vsRL3B_l4zLjg3MCXibfbT8UG_jQnytea7N8Vg0ckmwEfkHpKbRY__r52y/s1600/Zygaena+occitanica+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX3Odp5RFlhv4hKAnWc_tg42RnkdCKGEStmOyW_IQowoUdfO1QUMXbT9pSJVR-6z8ghYzklw2jBhn5jwWaW1vsRL3B_l4zLjg3MCXibfbT8UG_jQnytea7N8Vg0ckmwEfkHpKbRY__r52y/s400/Zygaena+occitanica+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Zygaena occitanica</i>, Spain</div>
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<i>Zygaena lavandulae</i>, France</div>
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<i>Zygaena sarpedon</i>, France, unfortunately not easy to approach for some nice fieldpics</div>
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<i>Zygaena loti</i>, France</div>
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<b>Sesiidae</b></div>
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got some great help from Theo Garrevoet of <a href="http://www.phegea.org/index.htm" target="_blank">the FES</a> to find the species names of these ones</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc9mLAGAvIAq2iogxo0BS4SkWez4lUqrZfCVzC0E8t3fQ-blJBklR2Ltc7EPv4ReqaqJN270XiCSkm1M2Ryc16Tq6B0o6YSQKm_q3DqDyZIxQjW-POxeaRXDlAehlZCnZqWlPsx0CPEA2Q/s1600/Pyropteron+chrysidiformis+2016+06+27+Soveria+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc9mLAGAvIAq2iogxo0BS4SkWez4lUqrZfCVzC0E8t3fQ-blJBklR2Ltc7EPv4ReqaqJN270XiCSkm1M2Ryc16Tq6B0o6YSQKm_q3DqDyZIxQjW-POxeaRXDlAehlZCnZqWlPsx0CPEA2Q/s400/Pyropteron+chrysidiformis+2016+06+27+Soveria+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pyropteron chrysidiformis</i>, first one from Corsica, second one a darker individual from Vaucluse, France</div>
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<i>Chamaesphecia aerifrons</i>, Corsica</div>
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<i>Pyropteron leucomelaena</i>, Spain</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-44637370358475074892016-09-05T19:24:00.000+02:002016-09-05T19:24:00.599+02:00Spain: 18th July - 4th August : Hesperids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><b>Pyrgus alveus</b></i><br />
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Under this species a complex of closely related taxa is parked and some authors even give species rank to some of the described taxa, f.e. ssp. <i>accretus</i> or ssp. <i>trebevicensis</i>. For Spain ssp. <i>centralhispaniae</i> is described. Pictures are from Sierra de la Sagra, both pictures show the same individual.</div>
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<b><i>Muschampia proto</i></b></div>
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This species can be found in the whole Mediterranean area. In southern areas of Spain it is common whenever the larval foodplant <i>Phlomis</i> species is present. Pictures are from Sierra Tejeda.</div>
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<b><i>Carcharodus baeticus</i></b><br />
A species with a western Mediterranean distribution, to be found near its larval foodplant <i>Marrubium</i> species. Pictures come from the east of the Sierra Nevada and show a territorial mail on a dry foodplant.<br />
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Gegenes nostrodamus<br />
Unlike what some field guides suggest, determination of this species from the related Gegenes pumilio is not straightforward and in many cases is impossible in the field. Research of collected specimens have shown that the latter species however is most probably absent from the Iberian peninsula unlike what some distribution maps in several field guides suggest.<br />
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A territorial male from the Alpujarras</div>
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A female in the agricultural landscape NW of Tarifa</div>
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<b><i>Borbo borbonica</i></b><br />
Since long it was known that this species, with mainly an African distribution, was present in the very south of the Iberian peninsula. It is however only since recent that more is known about the distribution and phenology of the species in Spain, mainly through the work of Sariot: <a href="http://www.biotaxa.org/RGDE/article/viewFile/3530/5249">http://www.biotaxa.org/RGDE/article/viewFile/3530/5249</a><br />
Midsummer is not the best moment to search for the species, better is to look at the end of summer when the third generation flies. We decided to give it a try anyhow and found a few individuals. The reason why this species could keep itself out of sight of entomologists is probably because the habitat is only rarely visited by entomologists. It is most easily found in agricultural landscape, along artificial water flows where <i>Ecballium</i> species is numerous, this plant is a favorite nectar plant of the local populations of <i>Borbo borbonica</i>. The few individuals we saw where very active and difficult to approach.<br />
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Just flying up and in this way showing a glimpse of the large white spot on the upperside of the frontwing.</div>
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Nectar feeding on an <i>Ecballium</i> species</div>
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<i><b>Spialia rosae</b></i><br />
Recent genetic research suggested two genetic lineages in the Iberian populations of <i>Spialia sertorius</i>. Further research showed that the unknown lineage in fact had a different biology. They are found at higher elevations than the classic <i>Spialia sertorius</i>, they use a different foodplant (<i>Sanguisorbum</i> species in <i>Spialia sertorius</i>, <i>Rosa</i> species in the unknown lineage) and they had a different prevalence of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection (<i>Wolbachia</i> is a maternal inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that can have an influence on the mithochondrial variation of their host; in <i>Spialia sertorius</i> no <i>Wolbachia </i>infection is found while in the unknown lineage a 100% prevalence of <i>Wolbachia </i>infection seems to be the case). This lead the researchers to describe this lineage as a new species; <i>Spialia rosae</i>. Their findings have recently been published (9th july 2016 online): <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.13756/full" target="_blank">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.13756/full </a><br />
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In the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada, in a small humid valley on 2150m, we saw several <i>Spialia sertorius s.l.</i> on a location with a lot of small <i>Rosa</i> plants. While following an abraded female it immediately was apparent that this female had a particular interest in the small <i>Rosa</i> plants and I could see the female ovipositing on the young leaves of this <i>Rosa </i>plants. I have never seen a species so soon after the species description!<br />
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<i>Spialia rosae</i>, territorial male</div>
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Freshly laid egg of <i>Spialia rosae</i> on <i>Rosa</i> species</div>
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Freshly laid egg (left under), freshly emerged larva (center up, starting to spin its larval nest) and empty egg scale (right middle, at the pinkish base of the branch) of <i>Spialia rosae</i> on <i>Rosa</i> species.</div>
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Detail of the egg of <i>Spialia rosae</i> on <i>Rosa</i> species.</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-76767790153020695882016-09-04T22:34:00.001+02:002016-09-04T22:34:45.100+02:00Spain: 18th July - 4th August : Nymphalids (Incl. Satyrids)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><b>Argynnis adippe chlorodippe</b></i><br />
The Iberian subspecies of <i>Argynnis adippe</i> is with its greenish wash on the underside very different of the nominate subspecies that is present in a large part of Europe. Here in Sierra de la Sagra but can be found in large parts of Iberia.<br />
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<b><i>Brenthis hecate</i></b></div>
We didn't expect to see this local species this late, early august in Sierra de Albarracin.<br />
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<b><i>Euphydryas desfontainii/aurinia beckeri</i></b></div>
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In Serrania de Cuenca we found a nest of young caterpillars of an <i>Euphydryas</i> species. Help in determination is welcome. Larval foodplant is most probably <i>Cephalaria leucantha</i> (but I am no botanist).</div>
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<b><i>Danaus plexippus</i></b></div>
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This species is mainly known from its nearctic distribution and its migratory behavior but since some time it has some sedentary populations in the southern coastal areas of the Iberian peninsula.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifS4Ty9f9ePx5B0d7oA7K8bBMWUShwLPiMkNzQlas4AwiSR85EIIRHaJqrhyBkZJtoltD7EGlNNKpojZhTSWIJh6TAu0oOPRqftS7LMZfs0B0WXjH7q3eU1bPX_XgduQRl_61v465RqS_O/s1600/Danaus+plexippus+2016+07+23+Motril+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifS4Ty9f9ePx5B0d7oA7K8bBMWUShwLPiMkNzQlas4AwiSR85EIIRHaJqrhyBkZJtoltD7EGlNNKpojZhTSWIJh6TAu0oOPRqftS7LMZfs0B0WXjH7q3eU1bPX_XgduQRl_61v465RqS_O/s640/Danaus+plexippus+2016+07+23+Motril+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Pyronia cecilia</i></b></div>
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Relatively common in the southwest of Europe</div>
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Arethusana arethusa</div>
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We only saw the nominate in central Spain, need to go back to Andalucia late summer once to see the subspecies <i>boabdil</i>, sometimes considered a species on its own.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU97xfT3iygpl7onoaNlA8yITPonEFFisprrEYn2SG_DZrsZBy0zcg_frsPKVnFj4SSV4tlHsKZMRPsKLnkBR980GP4aAuMjFGzea82qWd6aFu1yunPYU2-g4rnRNoe5SgMs8OTlBDB-eW/s1600/Arethusana+arethusa+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU97xfT3iygpl7onoaNlA8yITPonEFFisprrEYn2SG_DZrsZBy0zcg_frsPKVnFj4SSV4tlHsKZMRPsKLnkBR980GP4aAuMjFGzea82qWd6aFu1yunPYU2-g4rnRNoe5SgMs8OTlBDB-eW/s640/Arethusana+arethusa+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Erebia hispania</i></b></div>
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An endemic of the high slopes of the Sierra Nevada, common at the right height and location. The hard wind made the right front wing of this one being out of place, giving us a glimpse on its upperside. Pictures are from the western part of the Sierra Nevada at 2500m+.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eC4mUzbc5BjKE5Ao83KMETl6eLJNVkhqb-yZkWWnC-S8_k-atWZGVUzSsI5lwvn54WZLp_82FsP-A2ZV3tgkUWU0uvo2SXyZFMJBxwSsmtOxwobv0VkFUl0UOYmzLgsZ76wp8Z1EYSNI/s1600/Erebia+hispania+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eC4mUzbc5BjKE5Ao83KMETl6eLJNVkhqb-yZkWWnC-S8_k-atWZGVUzSsI5lwvn54WZLp_82FsP-A2ZV3tgkUWU0uvo2SXyZFMJBxwSsmtOxwobv0VkFUl0UOYmzLgsZ76wp8Z1EYSNI/s640/Erebia+hispania+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Erebia zapateri</i></b></div>
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Endemic of the eastern part of Spain's central mountain system. Named after the Spanish late 19th century entomologist Bernardo Zapater. Fligth period is late in the season, mainly in august. In Sierra de Albarracin fairly common in open grassy areas in the pinewoods between 1450-1700m.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFA-tC9ajSfRRR36JR6nOkHcEix_YBcblVaBdasDnVWVgAePL9lpMqfxDuy2jBppL-s-c5loS1bcv7_6fuAbV0tELf9bH8TXJzr487U0sYug7UB3Waoiu0Ia_Rz_boC9l_TAZKblI9JWC/s1600/Erebia+zapateri+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFA-tC9ajSfRRR36JR6nOkHcEix_YBcblVaBdasDnVWVgAePL9lpMqfxDuy2jBppL-s-c5loS1bcv7_6fuAbV0tELf9bH8TXJzr487U0sYug7UB3Waoiu0Ia_Rz_boC9l_TAZKblI9JWC/s640/Erebia+zapateri+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbvXR_WXuUJTe1QhA7FARubuIahIKbgQQrKLiEayN7A9hvkpu6kOb98R-wK3jjbBzGzhXnrm13fhNnHLlOwNJnbvhp3nyHkqwsJGIA5j3b50W_2CTiD6r2BCnmBpONZUX5hC2FxtFwq1vF/s1600/Erebia+zapateri+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbvXR_WXuUJTe1QhA7FARubuIahIKbgQQrKLiEayN7A9hvkpu6kOb98R-wK3jjbBzGzhXnrm13fhNnHLlOwNJnbvhp3nyHkqwsJGIA5j3b50W_2CTiD6r2BCnmBpONZUX5hC2FxtFwq1vF/s640/Erebia+zapateri+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Coenonympha dorus</i></b></div>
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Not uncommon in mountainous areas throughout Spain. First picture from Sierra Tejeda, second picture from Serrania de Cuenca.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0w96gVvIA5EUuqkn-jNyD_OQ21Yu3QuKJzvkCG9tULdXi4h29UW9yo11DRlbWnB0jJgOqsM79Fzv0tXL7WErnUzTMeeY_ApvD52bvfPsM_zndHxAznNJlDJ8dmDe5WKMnoblvYmWI6z9U/s1600/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0w96gVvIA5EUuqkn-jNyD_OQ21Yu3QuKJzvkCG9tULdXi4h29UW9yo11DRlbWnB0jJgOqsM79Fzv0tXL7WErnUzTMeeY_ApvD52bvfPsM_zndHxAznNJlDJ8dmDe5WKMnoblvYmWI6z9U/s640/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR3V6UuZbQJavyQbTMhrzj3GFdWrTgMR3D5AyP7CPml5p5I9nZHW9aBdUf5bMZV4mY5RNmIh6iKStEl8A1GP9_NzJvYQVrs0aBol15aZKNWFtD0LnovuMnK-zYTqySxrcxrm2FiEqsPjwS/s1600/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR3V6UuZbQJavyQbTMhrzj3GFdWrTgMR3D5AyP7CPml5p5I9nZHW9aBdUf5bMZV4mY5RNmIh6iKStEl8A1GP9_NzJvYQVrs0aBol15aZKNWFtD0LnovuMnK-zYTqySxrcxrm2FiEqsPjwS/s640/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Coenonympha glycerion iphioides</i></b></div>
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Iberian form of <i>Coenonympha glycerion</i>, sometimes considered as a species on its own. Picture is from Sierra de Albarracin.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH6s0b1K63rPF3VEQBjLhJSLhF1a70i5IJ0bSN9uF3oN2mvIPV6MaSQnLqB-JW5Bc-YCd0aIbmH7msTQxYoERH71FgeJX8qzRXMV3IfGzoC8drKMsBlVWB6a6McqCX0AJZ4DWb6viykrI6/s1600/Coenonympha+glycerion+iphioides+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH6s0b1K63rPF3VEQBjLhJSLhF1a70i5IJ0bSN9uF3oN2mvIPV6MaSQnLqB-JW5Bc-YCd0aIbmH7msTQxYoERH71FgeJX8qzRXMV3IfGzoC8drKMsBlVWB6a6McqCX0AJZ4DWb6viykrI6/s640/Coenonympha+glycerion+iphioides+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus</i></b></div>
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In most field guides <i>lyllus</i> is described as the southern summer form of <i>Coenympha pamphilus</i>, some literature however considers this as a species on its own. I am still interested if someone would have a digital copy of following article:</div>
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BOILLAT, H., 2003. Coenonympha lyllus Esper, 1805, spec. rev. une nouvelle approche taxinomique du complexe pamphilus. - Alexanor 22:243-309</div>
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The picture shows a female from Serrania de Cuenca.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP2KXCLxzAPygjkGKs2dX3myl9xqx3WOlwoRz00SpGZyCL9nkK9Crfhs0_EP5PkmBInKCFXkp9-MfqEqgHceSBK7fsymUrArPEFtwdJZMwbM2pk5WzyADZokY7btS55Yen3nLZ0kE_9UFd/s1600/Coenonympha+pamphilus+lyllus+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP2KXCLxzAPygjkGKs2dX3myl9xqx3WOlwoRz00SpGZyCL9nkK9Crfhs0_EP5PkmBInKCFXkp9-MfqEqgHceSBK7fsymUrArPEFtwdJZMwbM2pk5WzyADZokY7btS55Yen3nLZ0kE_9UFd/s640/Coenonympha+pamphilus+lyllus+2016+08+03+Valsalobre+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Hipparchia statilinus</i></b></div>
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In the Mediterranean area this is a common species, in northern Europe however this species is threatened. Picture from the Sierra Tejeda.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2G_7e1dcdCVBH7MQz0AXEFOWf2EMuuqzZloVcNFZ0_uBjeDHIRPUgEi0-rBUCjJD1TlIk2vPHARXeZ9VBWoqAQywCqh4lrWJoS-arXnCyWswVPUTbyeNETU6BEri6xXdpsNWwihsbZ5_P/s1600/Hipparchia+statilinus+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2G_7e1dcdCVBH7MQz0AXEFOWf2EMuuqzZloVcNFZ0_uBjeDHIRPUgEi0-rBUCjJD1TlIk2vPHARXeZ9VBWoqAQywCqh4lrWJoS-arXnCyWswVPUTbyeNETU6BEri6xXdpsNWwihsbZ5_P/s640/Hipparchia+statilinus+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Hipparchia fidia</i></b></div>
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An endemic of the western Mediterranean. Picture from the Sierra Tejeda.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7qG6Onmx5KRZMvP7kNBbSqmX3MSocS8Fy4_TSmbt6Jvz6RWSuUYTzLf7CFKXuNHV3kRjfccPuv6dU9aYQJvRhVFW45Tr67yPo45ng6QGOmv6xD_XO44qTWeI9ZL2x-rQbuUiX06MIR6f7/s1600/Hipparchia+fidia+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7qG6Onmx5KRZMvP7kNBbSqmX3MSocS8Fy4_TSmbt6Jvz6RWSuUYTzLf7CFKXuNHV3kRjfccPuv6dU9aYQJvRhVFW45Tr67yPo45ng6QGOmv6xD_XO44qTWeI9ZL2x-rQbuUiX06MIR6f7/s640/Hipparchia+fidia+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Hipparchia hermione</i></b></div>
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In previous posts I was able to show pictures of close relevants of this taxon <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/07/la-douce-france-june-2016-part-i.html" target="_blank"><i>Hipparchia (hermione) genava</i></a> and <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/07/la-douce-france-june-2016-part-i_14.html" target="_blank"><i>Hipparchia fagi</i></a>. In the Iberian peninsula Hipparchia fagi is limited to the Pyrenees. In the rest of the area the only species present is <i>Hipparchia hermione</i>. Picture is from Sierra de Albarracin.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL7e3L05lINI5SPLudelqbufcgkL5jUf5FYusPBfdEDba8aTXYBFj8ZMWlOXC9Zs-PU4UUanK8XprD1uQ2eEnXmD_Gokm7okfuviKqQC-L3goYMDnhUXc2Ja1eKYMEw4e8BreERzmh6EzR/s1600/Hipparchia+hermione+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL7e3L05lINI5SPLudelqbufcgkL5jUf5FYusPBfdEDba8aTXYBFj8ZMWlOXC9Zs-PU4UUanK8XprD1uQ2eEnXmD_Gokm7okfuviKqQC-L3goYMDnhUXc2Ja1eKYMEw4e8BreERzmh6EzR/s640/Hipparchia+hermione+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Melanargia russiae</i></b></div>
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A species with a sporadic distribution over southern Europe.</div>
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<b><i>Pseudochazara (hippolyte) williamsi</i></b></div>
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The nominate is a species from central Asia distributed from the south of the Ural to Mongolia. The taxon <i>williamsi</i> is restricted to some mountain regions in Andalucia. It is sometimes considered as a species on its own. Pictures are from the east of the Sierra Nevada between 2200-2400m</div>
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In next post some Hesperids from Spain.</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-25601112867182309002016-09-02T23:43:00.000+02:002016-09-02T23:45:23.885+02:00Spain: 18th July - 4th August : Lycaenids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The Iberian peninsula is a Lycaenid paradise<br />
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<b><i>Satyrium esculi</i></b><br />
A SW European endemic that can be found from S France all over the Iberian peninsula<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbS7XnXuxABvEslzRv6EMe38DEuR5JSzEVMHJ8trcR9nt2Qp3IpI9wWKaovnIA0nsthu1cEdqTfIN1WbgkB0PmHqyHN_L2KdtVaGDHeKqKAcMFa2kQY8MRazYoxqHDWDhkqi9-bSaL32-d/s1600/Satyrium+esculi+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbS7XnXuxABvEslzRv6EMe38DEuR5JSzEVMHJ8trcR9nt2Qp3IpI9wWKaovnIA0nsthu1cEdqTfIN1WbgkB0PmHqyHN_L2KdtVaGDHeKqKAcMFa2kQY8MRazYoxqHDWDhkqi9-bSaL32-d/s640/Satyrium+esculi+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Tarucus theophrastus</i></b><br />
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In some southern coastal and desert like regions of Andalucia, like Cabo de Gata, this North-African species has some colonies. Butterflies are most easily found in the immediate vicinity of the larval foodplant <i>Zizphus lotus</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimT0qgIC0zHjhyphenhyphenipgM_ZPZ8zjTB240XFBytZCR3JvShfX-dvYbEzB-ivzEpZlj2Q55YSXh6-6dWvfPPiOkSaUsTe1Mt62TC9fj1aSpMh7v2akN1ddopp3Hx4mU5lnhu3UZ0nWImKhs-1v9/s1600/Tarucus+theophrastus+2016+07+23+Cabo+de+Gata+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimT0qgIC0zHjhyphenhyphenipgM_ZPZ8zjTB240XFBytZCR3JvShfX-dvYbEzB-ivzEpZlj2Q55YSXh6-6dWvfPPiOkSaUsTe1Mt62TC9fj1aSpMh7v2akN1ddopp3Hx4mU5lnhu3UZ0nWImKhs-1v9/s640/Tarucus+theophrastus+2016+07+23+Cabo+de+Gata+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg42JTygKiBLOvr_VznJd5_JEC1FBkw3ExpPATyEOumvxtwasrLsgGeu0uZkV2mX9NJHD_lXyT4qiCSf6ebtALzwHhwbZC_NjhMHi16KqfODcqFtJHj7JU1MVNnijP6cc1DffWtgYgMd9w8/s1600/Tarucus+theophrastus+2016+07+23+Cabo+de+Gata+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg42JTygKiBLOvr_VznJd5_JEC1FBkw3ExpPATyEOumvxtwasrLsgGeu0uZkV2mX9NJHD_lXyT4qiCSf6ebtALzwHhwbZC_NjhMHi16KqfODcqFtJHj7JU1MVNnijP6cc1DffWtgYgMd9w8/s640/Tarucus+theophrastus+2016+07+23+Cabo+de+Gata+%25283%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Second picture shows the treacherous spines on the larval foodplant</div>
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<b><i>Zizeeria knysna</i></b><br />
A species with mainly an African distribution reaching Europe in the lower coastal zones of the Iberian peninsula. A species that can easily be found in S Spain in the vicinity of human settlements in grass lawns that are kept humid throughout summer. A very active and very small species so I was still happy to be able to make the picture here under.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwaTGB1mfBj8zN0K9DVUh5gz9K3vwK-rD3Pzmkj_FnM6Fas5UAwBq2m5zm-52zuYhiKMIORIcTO3wuqsW1BaYHNnl68upqq6HfpoUoVYVNCzpTHGjLYztx_q_0ipt5kMn0Z4CoKCAW87cr/s1600/Zizeeria+knysna+2016+07+23+Motril+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwaTGB1mfBj8zN0K9DVUh5gz9K3vwK-rD3Pzmkj_FnM6Fas5UAwBq2m5zm-52zuYhiKMIORIcTO3wuqsW1BaYHNnl68upqq6HfpoUoVYVNCzpTHGjLYztx_q_0ipt5kMn0Z4CoKCAW87cr/s640/Zizeeria+knysna+2016+07+23+Motril+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Aricia (artaxerxes) montensis</i></b></div>
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This taxon was long time considered as a subspecies of <i>Aricia artaxerxes</i>, with some uncertainties on the exact distribution, some authors even placing populations of Greece under this taxon. Out of genetic research however it seems that the populations of the Iberian peninsula and N-Africa form a different genetic clade and the name <i>montensis</i> should belong to this clade. More information can be found <a href="http://molbiol.ru/forums/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=159912" target="_blank">in this article</a> of Claudia P. Sañudo-Restrepo et al. Following map comes out of that article</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCZU94frxGoOM_G9puinwxGMfaI1P4Bw72SNqvGVNxx94at9yuBrTeUCcGD0_bpM640F3ztbqYrWTfetLJ-f-Id2jk15NrWUVYV0Xicka8DYlvlWgMOv0VLzwlx9QflNiwHbDJkKsspsnX/s1600/Aricia+artaxerxes+complex+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCZU94frxGoOM_G9puinwxGMfaI1P4Bw72SNqvGVNxx94at9yuBrTeUCcGD0_bpM640F3ztbqYrWTfetLJ-f-Id2jk15NrWUVYV0Xicka8DYlvlWgMOv0VLzwlx9QflNiwHbDJkKsspsnX/s640/Aricia+artaxerxes+complex+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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(c) Claudia P. Sañudo-Restrepo et al.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPqdQgV14idlCph-U48ppXT2g4q7UH-1pwzTHDBf3tV_Ce3mKp7Tzg498byIXM0F_N8KWPoOAwIV3rPU8-FfazjaV5IqnLDyMLK-ubFgXUfbl2c80kfwgRu5nkxgoRqlEUpdgJFxbiA8Eb/s1600/Aricia+montensis+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPqdQgV14idlCph-U48ppXT2g4q7UH-1pwzTHDBf3tV_Ce3mKp7Tzg498byIXM0F_N8KWPoOAwIV3rPU8-FfazjaV5IqnLDyMLK-ubFgXUfbl2c80kfwgRu5nkxgoRqlEUpdgJFxbiA8Eb/s640/Aricia+montensis+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The taxon is found in lots of mountainous areas in Spain, here in the Sierra Tejeda</div>
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<b><i>Aricia morronensis ramburi</i></b></div>
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This is a local mountain species restricted to the Iberian peninsula, several subspecies have been described and precise relations between these subspecies is not yet fully understood. In the Sierra Nevada the subspecies <i>ramburi</i> can be found on barren, rocky screes where the larval foodplant of the genus <i>Erodium</i> is found in high numbers.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN_IWZ6PngOQblQwuVbLipPM_wGbUJEztGyQHOgwbTiaJ3_wcI5KsUxSAB1RKt3DJLcW5_MYx0blpxM7ytjj0AHcTiuZdr1Bs996VANKClbfuxV5aXuuz1lnhlG0FJICDIDvDr1QHoGjEG/s1600/Aricia+morronensis+ramburi+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN_IWZ6PngOQblQwuVbLipPM_wGbUJEztGyQHOgwbTiaJ3_wcI5KsUxSAB1RKt3DJLcW5_MYx0blpxM7ytjj0AHcTiuZdr1Bs996VANKClbfuxV5aXuuz1lnhlG0FJICDIDvDr1QHoGjEG/s640/Aricia+morronensis+ramburi+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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freshly emerging foodplants, probably <i>Erodium cheilantifolium</i>, can be seen on the left of the picture</div>
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<b><i>Plebejus zullichi</i></b><br />
This species is an endemic of the high zones of the Sierra Nevada. We searched for it on one of the smallest populations on the Veleta and could find one female in difficult circumstances with lots of wind. Unfortunately just when I wanted to start taking pictures the female flew off and got lost out of sight in the wind... So I can not present you any pics, I will certainly be back one day to search for it on the bigger populations of f.e the San Juan or the Mulhacen.<br />
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Polyommatus) escheri</i></b><br />
A widely spread species in mountainous areas of Spain. Larval foodplants are <i>Astragalus</i> species. There is some confusion to the subgeneric status of this taxon. Some authors put it in <i>Agrodiaetus</i> or <i>Neolysandra</i>, the most safe option however will probably be to put it in <i>Polyommatus</i> s.s.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTaYfCyS7fdrgzKhjFnoepfv4h1uHbcJUgpuqvhl1VDpntd-MsfxRniqj3Uo2KZ8MDu9cZhOxuELMb4vo9B4PUsyq1c8AR3uaRpW5hFqBGuM_Zz42lpK5cjzMmPVtnqCJ7ABkQjE0Sw-i/s1600/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTaYfCyS7fdrgzKhjFnoepfv4h1uHbcJUgpuqvhl1VDpntd-MsfxRniqj3Uo2KZ8MDu9cZhOxuELMb4vo9B4PUsyq1c8AR3uaRpW5hFqBGuM_Zz42lpK5cjzMmPVtnqCJ7ABkQjE0Sw-i/s640/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBczq0ONa6P-6RTU3DVNER_YHSXfLYNqxEmRFi7nc-QxnDA2fPVSLrP4x64akfmGiFG5HguLdFkqcPvg2BGFKIFqp6fz45AbY2Mdz56d2LqWdj5NK8tF9PTFctMl4EfDmGjHMq0Vbtdg6M/s1600/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBczq0ONa6P-6RTU3DVNER_YHSXfLYNqxEmRFi7nc-QxnDA2fPVSLrP4x64akfmGiFG5HguLdFkqcPvg2BGFKIFqp6fz45AbY2Mdz56d2LqWdj5NK8tF9PTFctMl4EfDmGjHMq0Vbtdg6M/s640/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5LbDVddbvfh4HsHi-Qmj2Z58cgcalOZB3yyeQyktodOf3zTIX1C1G9Hg0PTbCRsIR7jV151pXs3CRYojOXJZu2Ysv0lJ7Rs83jsY7Pt0I7Nj1Kc9W4KPquXmrn0dOHcYcyFWP4YEfcYe/s1600/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5LbDVddbvfh4HsHi-Qmj2Z58cgcalOZB3yyeQyktodOf3zTIX1C1G9Hg0PTbCRsIR7jV151pXs3CRYojOXJZu2Ysv0lJ7Rs83jsY7Pt0I7Nj1Kc9W4KPquXmrn0dOHcYcyFWP4YEfcYe/s640/Polyommatus+escheri+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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First two pictures show a male and female from the Sierra de la Sagra, last pictures shows a male from the Sierra de Albarracin. I had some difficulties with the determination of the female as it has a very <i>Aricia</i>-like pattern on the underside. With the help of the opinions of some other people I found however some pictures of females with similar, albeit not this extreme, pattern on underside hindwing. Apart from the <i>Aricia</i>-like pattern near the upper edge of the hindwing the rest of the pattern looks typical for <i>P. escheri</i> female. </div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Plebicula) golgus</i></b><br />
Two subspecies are known of this local species. The nominate out of the Sierra Nevada and the subspecies <i>sagratrox</i> out of the Sierra de la Sagra. We saw both subspecies:<br />
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Male (upper) and female (lower) of the nominate subspecies, easily found on the Veleta, above 2500m in the Sierra Nevada</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7TYxq9sWnFHRvsNqWoqrq7J9mXkz3OoL5yHV-nIhjGMaCSF7KmWdSFFRRFDrGeEP47BBGSI8JcErQN4C6PGpgRekzaHsz2_LIAJTJBhPFnF_kVi52J0xJvywzvlH4Z8rexHgBWz_2oFG/s1600/Polyommatus+golgus+sagratrox+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7TYxq9sWnFHRvsNqWoqrq7J9mXkz3OoL5yHV-nIhjGMaCSF7KmWdSFFRRFDrGeEP47BBGSI8JcErQN4C6PGpgRekzaHsz2_LIAJTJBhPFnF_kVi52J0xJvywzvlH4Z8rexHgBWz_2oFG/s640/Polyommatus+golgus+sagratrox+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Two males of the brighter colored subspecies <i>sagratrox</i>, clearly already abraded half of july, above 2000m in the Sierra de la Sagra</div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Plebicula) nivescens</i></b></div>
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And yet another Iberian endemic, to be found in mountain ranges all over the country from the southern slopes of the Pyrenees to the Sierra Nevada, local and never really common. Picture below shows an individual of Sierra de Albarracin.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXKLya0Mv_5Q7Mzw_c1tQ8JQOZDqHiigAeeoUyS7XMnzwAXqjKXr9aQ3CvFtasyOLvhzlET6VI3vXAEhzWSEhNdf1u4FKIsghSzbrDzaAUMKUIF7gSnsfpHIsFZ7ePLWGJn_iLEZgV7YOg/s1600/Polyommatus+nivescens+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXKLya0Mv_5Q7Mzw_c1tQ8JQOZDqHiigAeeoUyS7XMnzwAXqjKXr9aQ3CvFtasyOLvhzlET6VI3vXAEhzWSEhNdf1u4FKIsghSzbrDzaAUMKUIF7gSnsfpHIsFZ7ePLWGJn_iLEZgV7YOg/s640/Polyommatus+nivescens+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) fabressei</i></b></div>
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The subgenus Agrodiaetus consist of a series of very similar species, the most representatives of this subgenus can be found in W and C Asia, several species however can be found in the western mediterranean as well. Several of the species show some phenotypical regional variability. Out of recent genetic studies it seems that some taxa described in the past should be synonimized and geographic distribution of some species is different than previously thought. An article on this matter by Vila et al. can be found <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.708.9595&rep=rep1&type=pdf" target="_blank">by clicking here</a>. Out of this research it seems that <i>Agrodiaetus fabressei</i> is limited to central Spain. The species is not uncommon at higher levels in Sierra de Albarracin.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QMP5PBuFPjap5HU8gSjncmhA4NJHpZtdS_o44NXuJzNuT3foT2Vci3XR5cZ6wRY77mSfooFC67eQlgHgABLxk_Cf0DVRHx5T4mLCmPhMt9LRUXqJVl7jz6DDLERhIdsVRHLlrjaDErOj/s1600/Polyommatus+fabressei+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QMP5PBuFPjap5HU8gSjncmhA4NJHpZtdS_o44NXuJzNuT3foT2Vci3XR5cZ6wRY77mSfooFC67eQlgHgABLxk_Cf0DVRHx5T4mLCmPhMt9LRUXqJVl7jz6DDLERhIdsVRHLlrjaDErOj/s640/Polyommatus+fabressei+2016+08+04+Frias+de+Albarracin+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) violetae</i></b></div>
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This species was initially considered monotypic being endemic to the Sierra de Almijara and Sierra Tejeda. The taxon <i>subbaeticus</i> from the sierras in the NE of Andalucia, that was initially described as a subspecies of previous species, is nowadays however placed under this species (see article in previous species account).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvOEMBFhg9jvpC6E_urroXSH7RLazbG6sjWjcOQoNXhzyvsPr3er_uqMhJHsiNgjl2ug7Th3hD91CXAD2ytxoM66Q3AHIm3rNdyawQdWnX-HAaFkIqOk-6xQ8EaICYRZ-k7sRw6llOZU-3/s1600/Polyommatus+violetae+violetae+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvOEMBFhg9jvpC6E_urroXSH7RLazbG6sjWjcOQoNXhzyvsPr3er_uqMhJHsiNgjl2ug7Th3hD91CXAD2ytxoM66Q3AHIm3rNdyawQdWnX-HAaFkIqOk-6xQ8EaICYRZ-k7sRw6llOZU-3/s640/Polyommatus+violetae+violetae+2016+07+26+Canillas+de+Albaida+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Nominate in the Sierra Tejeda at 1500m</div>
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subspecies <i>subbaeticus</i>, all pics from Sierra de la Sagra. First picture shows why these blues are called 'furry blues', the males having a broad hairy scent mark on the front wing. Both pictures of the underside show the variation in the presence of a white stripe on the underside hindwing. We have seen this species in the Sierra de Cazorla at 670m and Sierra de la Sagra between 1300 to 2000m.</div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Lysandra) albicans</i></b></div>
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The <i>Lysandra</i> subgenus is one of the several difficult to determine groups within the Lycaenids, especially in parts of the Iberian peninsula where the distribution of several species comes together. This seems to be a group of species that only relatively recently evolved and due to this and regular hybridization between the taxa it seems very difficult to find genetic lineages as well in this group. Luckily in the very south of Spain only one of the paler species is present. This is the palest and biggest of 3 pale <i>Lysandra </i>species, in flight at first sight it even remembers sometimes of a Pierid. The other pale <i>Lysandra</i> species being <i>Polyommatus coridon</i> with a wide distribution over a large part of Europe and the bivoltine <i>Polyommatus hispanus</i> that is present from NE quarter of Spain along the French Mediterranean area just into Italy. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrd1xYveu2V3Y5BfcpM9Bzasl3UGMFMb0LB4QIFn0g6pIkmGb_aSc7ASDBoaOe4SfiFC_uAC6zHTsdlJux6mDjAUr_thazFyLi25nNjd8KaV_cu1IQxisnw_PNHYhCVHVM1nPGZ7ybIUT4/s1600/Polyommatus+albicans+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrd1xYveu2V3Y5BfcpM9Bzasl3UGMFMb0LB4QIFn0g6pIkmGb_aSc7ASDBoaOe4SfiFC_uAC6zHTsdlJux6mDjAUr_thazFyLi25nNjd8KaV_cu1IQxisnw_PNHYhCVHVM1nPGZ7ybIUT4/s640/Polyommatus+albicans+2016+07+19+Puebla+de+Don+Fadrique+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Male <i>Polyommatus albicans</i> in the Sierra de la Sagra</div>
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<b><i>Polyommatus (Lysandra) (coridon) caelestissima</i></b></div>
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The taxonomic status of this taxon is still unclear. It is sometimes considered as a species on its own, but even so considered as a subspecies of <i>Polyommatus coridon</i>. The upperside is a clearer blue than that of <i>P. coridon</i>. It is restrictedto the eastern part of the central Iberian mountain system. In Sierra de Albarracin it is common between 1400-1700m.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizF2gvtsdEL8XhQT0WM0eR02raMB9Req64-3pA9FVyqRhFkwOpHoPiWj-6-bypGEqi4eeSkZka_dlS7WKPGOv25ctOkDivGdLC57VZ1KN2U1UiFoEBkvZpODGaq_OAFT-EdJoHbDmekbHr/s1600/Polyommatus+caelestissimus+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizF2gvtsdEL8XhQT0WM0eR02raMB9Req64-3pA9FVyqRhFkwOpHoPiWj-6-bypGEqi4eeSkZka_dlS7WKPGOv25ctOkDivGdLC57VZ1KN2U1UiFoEBkvZpODGaq_OAFT-EdJoHbDmekbHr/s640/Polyommatus+caelestissimus+2016+08+04+Moscardon+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This picture shows at least two other species, <i>Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damon</i> (forth from the left) and <i>Polyommatus (Polyommatus) icarus s.l.</i> (in the center under the flying individual).</div>
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More on nymphalids in the next episode...</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-7690695784256743012016-09-01T20:49:00.000+02:002016-11-16T22:27:42.367+01:00Spain: 18th July - 4th August : Introduction + Papilionids & Pierids<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Introduction</b></h3>
From about 18th of july until 4th of august I spent time in Spain with my partner and a befriended couple, mainly in Andalucia but on the way home also 2 days in central Spain. On this trip attention was mainly paid to butterflies but also dragonflies, birds and even cetaceans got our attention.<br />
Roughly we visited following locations, in chronological order. The letters between brackets show the main interest of the visit; butterflies (B), dragonflies (D), birds (V) or cetaceans (C):<br />
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1- Sierra de Cazorla (D)</div>
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2- Sierra de la Sagra (B)</div>
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3- Sierra Nevada (western and eastern side) (B)</div>
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4- Cabo de Gata (B, D, V)</div>
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5- Motril surroundings (D, B, V)</div>
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6- Las Alpujarras (B)</div>
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7- Sierra Tejeda (B)</div>
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8- Jimena de la Frontera surroundings (D)</div>
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9- Tarifa surroundings (B, V, D, C)</div>
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10- Cordoba (D)</div>
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11- Serrania de Cuenca (B)</div>
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12- Sierra de Albarracin (B)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmYUZcywfkV_636z6Z35ir0VBQOoBkSam1btxXFZCzuD5Mca5xD1YBFNI7iNKSChhkcgtLgFcZJyLHSNrHXAYWzYq4PPsQau_JgE9W0B0MkFtXA07nAIGF747fnw0x89wFPCI0EjnEluZ/s1600/kaart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmYUZcywfkV_636z6Z35ir0VBQOoBkSam1btxXFZCzuD5Mca5xD1YBFNI7iNKSChhkcgtLgFcZJyLHSNrHXAYWzYq4PPsQau_JgE9W0B0MkFtXA07nAIGF747fnw0x89wFPCI0EjnEluZ/s640/kaart.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the next few days a few blogposts will follow giving a quick overview of the butterfly species seen on this trip. Hope you all enjoy.<br />
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<b>Papilionids:</b></h3>
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<b><i>Parnassius apollo</i></b></div>
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A widespread species in Europe but in a lot of regions the species is local and declining. More than 100 subspecies have been described. Lots of these subspecies have only low taxonomic value and one can even suspect that description of some of them was made out of commercial than out of scientific interest as the species is popular with commercial collectors. There are some populations in the south of Spain, f.e. this one from the Sierra Nevada where the species is common. At this location the subspecies <i>nevadensis</i> was described. The reddish spots are more orange than in most other European populations</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8x70IDiSGcyKVBKMpniOVVMarrfhNNQjSpi_HbF8RVE3pUIjH-Q7GepLv_JFkSqgpaNBBwp74vSwvnGUURT1AJC6lzPoggZOzWuRTpy3BEEz62n899KiLUaPEqDFwAyXbv94h_LbNPMJJ/s1600/Parnassius+apollo+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8x70IDiSGcyKVBKMpniOVVMarrfhNNQjSpi_HbF8RVE3pUIjH-Q7GepLv_JFkSqgpaNBBwp74vSwvnGUURT1AJC6lzPoggZOzWuRTpy3BEEz62n899KiLUaPEqDFwAyXbv94h_LbNPMJJ/s640/Parnassius+apollo+2016+07+21+Veleta+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Pierids</b></h3>
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<b><i>Pieris mannii </i>(?)</b></div>
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These maps were published in a German monograph on the species by Heiner Ziegler and Ulf Eitschberger (1999; <a href="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Neue-Entomologische-Nachrichten_45_0001-0217.pdf" target="_blank">click here for the monograph</a>):</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRGSnpYFqwrVX6xdkP9Ld5Eb1wzep8jbmHfgxZsZhYXemoaWLdxswzO4dcY2xCiUcPhB9Y-wqoUdT4krP0RyX9PlWVlWb7pOj-ZTnUbXAgNgf7J1AMtCvTYHUreF0zZsBYkNh_BC-OoMl1/s1600/kaart+P.+mannii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRGSnpYFqwrVX6xdkP9Ld5Eb1wzep8jbmHfgxZsZhYXemoaWLdxswzO4dcY2xCiUcPhB9Y-wqoUdT4krP0RyX9PlWVlWb7pOj-ZTnUbXAgNgf7J1AMtCvTYHUreF0zZsBYkNh_BC-OoMl1/s640/kaart+P.+mannii.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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(c) Ziegler & Eitschberger</div>
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The subspecies <i>reskovitsi</i> (border Hungary/Slovakia) and the subspecies <i>haroldi</i> are considered extinct, the same was long thought for the subspecies <i>andegava</i>. Recently however unknown populations were discovered in France and Luxemburg. The subspecies <i>alpigena</i> has recently made a major increase and now can be found in large parts of S Germany. In Spain populations have recently been found in the NW as well but in large parts the subspecies <i>roberti</i> is local and sightings are few.</div>
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(c) Ziegler & Eitschberger</div>
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This picture I made in Torcal de Antequera, NW of Malaga. Although the discal spot seems rather small (unlike the description of the subspecies), the large amount of dusting on the underside hindwing made it really stand out and should be enough to exclude <i>Pieris rapae</i>, a species commonly present on this location. Any comments on the determination are welcome.</div>
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<b>EDIT:</b> Apparently the individual pictured below should best be considered to be a <i>Pieris rapae</i>. I still find the underside hindwing dusting very aberrant for the <i>Pieris rapae </i>but <i>Pieris mannii</i> should indeed have a much bigger discal spot.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGqsS1gVdjOhgZ5OL0vjUprz3US0yp2pORY8d9blYHzYO8AFBTJuzWAAMjkJmVDN8-rY1ulm9lBVBajD95a75YmjO1xWFggKgkHQgUbX5dXCB6T7va31RSmdyabbXhnZLABXoEk5HKq9WZ/s1600/Pieris+mannii+2016+07+27+Torcal+de+Antequera+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGqsS1gVdjOhgZ5OL0vjUprz3US0yp2pORY8d9blYHzYO8AFBTJuzWAAMjkJmVDN8-rY1ulm9lBVBajD95a75YmjO1xWFggKgkHQgUbX5dXCB6T7va31RSmdyabbXhnZLABXoEk5HKq9WZ/s640/Pieris+mannii+2016+07+27+Torcal+de+Antequera+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i>Colotis evagore</i></b></div>
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This is a species with mainly an African distribution. It is since long present in S Spain and has been expanding northwards and can nowadays been found into Catalunya. It has a phenology typical for some species with several generations at the northern edge of their distribution. Numbers collapse during and after winter and build up during the several generations with biggest numbers in later generations, for this species in autumn until early winter. In Spain the species is typical for dry agricultural areas in hilly landscape where the larval foodplant <i>Capparis spinosa</i> is common, from sea level until 1000m. In the eastern part of Las Alpujarras we found already nice numbers end of july.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6djrQlItlV9E3UPE24CPY7jphyphenhyphenQoyd1Vr9pwYyweH4Mqmysu_ezgsp0CnWeZnyFl1xPhDqqJj_LFCkcVyv7LS23TBQ_HtNvGEQMOZkssOKgS0g7RvMxP4u3xmdAXSVrbJ5ZY3Lzk7SpA/s1600/Colotis+evagore+2016+07+25+Ugijar+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6djrQlItlV9E3UPE24CPY7jphyphenhyphenQoyd1Vr9pwYyweH4Mqmysu_ezgsp0CnWeZnyFl1xPhDqqJj_LFCkcVyv7LS23TBQ_HtNvGEQMOZkssOKgS0g7RvMxP4u3xmdAXSVrbJ5ZY3Lzk7SpA/s640/Colotis+evagore+2016+07+25+Ugijar+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">There is some variation in the amount of black on the upperside, mostly there is more black in later generations. The second picture shows the typical flowers and spined branches of the larval foodplant. The edible flower buds are the well known capers. Third picture shows an egg, just left of the center on the underside of the new branch.</span></div>
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More on Spanish Lycaenids in a next post...</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-56090652268346828662016-07-15T19:10:00.000+02:002016-07-15T19:15:56.553+02:00La Douce France - June 2016 - part IV<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In the start of my trip, before I got to the Vaucluse, I passed at a low valley at the northern side of the Alps where <i>Coenonympha oedippus</i> still has some populations. This is a species of wet hay fields and marshes and because of agricultural intensification since WWII it has lost lots of its former distribution. In France it has still some populations in the west near the Atlantic coast but also in some valleys at the N edge of the Alps. When I was there butterflies were already a bit abraded with a lot of females on the wing so over the peak of the flight period. The location was very wet (two of the paths I selected beforehand on google earth had some 30cm of water on them...) and I had to search for a way to get in the right habitat but after some time I was able to get to a nice location where I easily found some 20 butterflies. This species is considered as endangered (EN) on the IUCN red list and is listed on the Habitats Directive Annexes 2 and 4 and Bern Convention Annex 2.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLYZDzxeKouZaiI1eAqSUen0bBZU5n4Wlwmq2wXQOs-6wRS5mE1Fg0I1z1QdhONzOcSiH3MhNBjqXei45su06drpPzIQ0_AFi8ktRTLvPZzR3j8LWYP51DQBPnZGZp4S1Nle_QgtHOhDBX/s1600/Coenonympha+oedippus+2016+06+18+Chindrieux+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLYZDzxeKouZaiI1eAqSUen0bBZU5n4Wlwmq2wXQOs-6wRS5mE1Fg0I1z1QdhONzOcSiH3MhNBjqXei45su06drpPzIQ0_AFi8ktRTLvPZzR3j8LWYP51DQBPnZGZp4S1Nle_QgtHOhDBX/s400/Coenonympha+oedippus+2016+06+18+Chindrieux+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Coenonympha oedippus</i>, female</div>
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From the Alpine butterflies a few I still hadn't seen after several trips to the Alps. Two of them especially attracted my interest. Two species that fly a bit lower and/or have the peak in their flight period a bit earlier. So when returning from Corsica I wanted to focus on those two species.<br />
First I went to the region of Col d'Allos to search for <i>Euchloe simplonia</i>. I easily found several individuals and could get nice pics of one of them.<br />
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<i>Euchloe simplonia</i></div>
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At the same location I saw some other nice species:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMQOZg_BKtq1QzwHiI0IUuocyKcCYiSt-qz4XhIuSNyutyzGl7rSgpx9s6jV8O5BuagbYI2CXZKEq5_HRhPa-GCRRexE2vhyphenhyphenOS2ypfbzEtF1AES6dvBMA5JgvDzEYv00cnNGffYCMWQD8/s1600/Lycaena+tityrus+subalpinus+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMQOZg_BKtq1QzwHiI0IUuocyKcCYiSt-qz4XhIuSNyutyzGl7rSgpx9s6jV8O5BuagbYI2CXZKEq5_HRhPa-GCRRexE2vhyphenhyphenOS2ypfbzEtF1AES6dvBMA5JgvDzEYv00cnNGffYCMWQD8/s400/Lycaena+tityrus+subalpinus+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, male of the alpine form <i>subalpinus</i> lacking orange tones on the upperside, compare with the Belgian lowland males on <a href="http://westpalbutterflies.blogspot.be/2016/05/sooty-copper-in-flanders.html" target="_blank">one of my previous blogposts</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8Rez6HrZLpcAsf2bppCeE3faUT3fWbTOL9aX9XkUn_wQQnhXATCXABRHYC3cjeckTRHf-kAOxLUdw7jX7LylgwwflK5pbYeATfqp_Ad0Rm7kLINOh04EuDdAxf9vw_iazMNQFYLyIdeR/s1600/Aricia+eumedon+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8Rez6HrZLpcAsf2bppCeE3faUT3fWbTOL9aX9XkUn_wQQnhXATCXABRHYC3cjeckTRHf-kAOxLUdw7jX7LylgwwflK5pbYeATfqp_Ad0Rm7kLINOh04EuDdAxf9vw_iazMNQFYLyIdeR/s400/Aricia+eumedon+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aricia eumedon</i> playing hide-and-seek on a flower of its larval foodplant, Geranium species</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQLpn27rtFqE0n1HyxDwCOvvan599rMLtTpjhruwxQLOHkfBycN_6ncZm5K6Z_1yewC9-2ZyYizO2cO3C71Do_9JTM7FDaOJG468FS4puGwvpspwIqJzFuO3YjU9cmgBszuLKn6vJq6nJj/s1600/Coenonympha+gardetta+darwiniana+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQLpn27rtFqE0n1HyxDwCOvvan599rMLtTpjhruwxQLOHkfBycN_6ncZm5K6Z_1yewC9-2ZyYizO2cO3C71Do_9JTM7FDaOJG468FS4puGwvpspwIqJzFuO3YjU9cmgBszuLKn6vJq6nJj/s400/Coenonympha+gardetta+darwiniana+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Coenonympha (gardetta) darwiniana</i>, nowadays mostly considered as a subspecies of <i>Coenonympha gardetta</i> replacing it at the more southern slopes but in the past sometimes considered as a species on its own or as a stable hybrid population between <i>Coenonympha gardetta</i> and <i>Coenonympha arcania</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixtxG9Cfxam4aMwM7rjKANqq5Jx_OUmbQWR_0NwTJhHB_ijK5FKng4AYAMWwR9TQ7p2aJl6JwrebcKFIddkwTVjPQdGZli4aNpkuH8V_lJ_K0HKET0w901948twuD8iTfOtsdxryVR1EyY/s1600/Erebia+triaria+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixtxG9Cfxam4aMwM7rjKANqq5Jx_OUmbQWR_0NwTJhHB_ijK5FKng4AYAMWwR9TQ7p2aJl6JwrebcKFIddkwTVjPQdGZli4aNpkuH8V_lJ_K0HKET0w901948twuD8iTfOtsdxryVR1EyY/s400/Erebia+triaria+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Erebia triaria</i>, the first time I saw this species was at the Col d'Allos as well but then it was an abraded individual early august and at 2400m and this for an early species mostly to be found between 400-2200m! When I saw it early august it was however in 2013, a year with spring everywhere in Europe starting very late what probably caused that individual to be still on the wing that late. So I was happy to see the species again, a bit fresher and more in its normal flight period.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5WcyuV5AAh8PA0WRBTVhcmmpfjMNJ9xIYMUDCFprrL6di7g7E388RqKSpw_cWH08Mptu16-Uw7fjWaFfjkUSQbrfYmc3QLntqvcGwRlFIyj4iA1mzHMP6yAM0wbhfivWFU2GJMaUyeS2N/s1600/Phengaris+arion+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5WcyuV5AAh8PA0WRBTVhcmmpfjMNJ9xIYMUDCFprrL6di7g7E388RqKSpw_cWH08Mptu16-Uw7fjWaFfjkUSQbrfYmc3QLntqvcGwRlFIyj4iA1mzHMP6yAM0wbhfivWFU2GJMaUyeS2N/s400/Phengaris+arion+2016+06+28+Allos+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Phengaris arion</i></div>
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The second species I wanted to see was Euphydryas intermedia. Although I had some exact GPS-locations from the data portal observation.org I decided to search in another valley, mentioned in the earlier mentioned ecological guide of Lafranchis, the Névache valley. And with succes! I found several individuals, some already abraded so probably already on the wing for some time.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8UmePK2fb4gMdnk4xcsjBBCbnPf8hPKgx_GVXYYBGoq-VTSSRaZd43dqLsZSSYyQijLhH-5b3qRabUhub60b3LbsDBu5u-NWVNSQMA4MMPruu1sWmmi3Yq2DP2xZvfL_vOEslhCUXQHa/s1600/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8UmePK2fb4gMdnk4xcsjBBCbnPf8hPKgx_GVXYYBGoq-VTSSRaZd43dqLsZSSYyQijLhH-5b3qRabUhub60b3LbsDBu5u-NWVNSQMA4MMPruu1sWmmi3Yq2DP2xZvfL_vOEslhCUXQHa/s400/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV8a7RjnTkyLoZ6JBlJ_vk3vPcGw5bSc4eZy2UDpsU7jhIEHB2rPiZnD1NRxHZmk6NJZvu4bPHz22b414CVWJoP2UgdM-MscKu8-UhcD_Od1SnOXnWlN5TgsA5vnD4vDCU4H0leB7tIayv/s1600/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV8a7RjnTkyLoZ6JBlJ_vk3vPcGw5bSc4eZy2UDpsU7jhIEHB2rPiZnD1NRxHZmk6NJZvu4bPHz22b414CVWJoP2UgdM-MscKu8-UhcD_Od1SnOXnWlN5TgsA5vnD4vDCU4H0leB7tIayv/s400/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25284%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2B_MF04BR51Ws_uyL8Fz1n6QtFfi2m6daFSfeGjau3EMlzQ2HvXXXQBKb7EbrKuxShlBWzlHj22lrcqaMB7dK6wlVSSOFL4BlPCDpO8UvBAiktZ83GT_XwQRxP1fheky08rvI9zWw3hwP/s1600/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2B_MF04BR51Ws_uyL8Fz1n6QtFfi2m6daFSfeGjau3EMlzQ2HvXXXQBKb7EbrKuxShlBWzlHj22lrcqaMB7dK6wlVSSOFL4BlPCDpO8UvBAiktZ83GT_XwQRxP1fheky08rvI9zWw3hwP/s400/Euphydryas+intermedia+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25286%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Euphydryas intermedia</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrMWTiyCeUud92zbejD0Js6s4fxepofL653vhxmzSjpCOKDQjYbpuzGrNSfQ2oepVb2LZ5AAs-kppFH1DMth6RHPlnoJ6AI0ww44iPxnMHYd06wK6jroCoqdB7AGGFZEymsCGNr8hFuF6i/s1600/Habitat+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrMWTiyCeUud92zbejD0Js6s4fxepofL653vhxmzSjpCOKDQjYbpuzGrNSfQ2oepVb2LZ5AAs-kppFH1DMth6RHPlnoJ6AI0ww44iPxnMHYd06wK6jroCoqdB7AGGFZEymsCGNr8hFuF6i/s400/Habitat+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Habitat of <i>Euphydryas intermedia</i></div>
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Other species I got on picture at this location:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj08E-yUed8fqYOjFiXva4Nf2E95gxAiJoJI7zYmexr5VLdzdWwSOjh_IhE3ZjGG2HsPPSNxTLIaKFaXFb-WAeBqMjZmzOKXtYF9MKPGOtu0lovo6Nn6ENJTv6oIDaZiis9fRLakYi_Nndl/s1600/Coenonympha+gardetta+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj08E-yUed8fqYOjFiXva4Nf2E95gxAiJoJI7zYmexr5VLdzdWwSOjh_IhE3ZjGG2HsPPSNxTLIaKFaXFb-WAeBqMjZmzOKXtYF9MKPGOtu0lovo6Nn6ENJTv6oIDaZiis9fRLakYi_Nndl/s400/Coenonympha+gardetta+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In Névache it was the nominate of <i>Coenonympha gardetta</i> flying around</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0n2hDy7an_TaAJcbiQnhvVTdITqWMRgBlAnOpqIc36QZFGJyE2FQoKmJfbkyuEdnxsaKgBwfWCDQHfGaI5sLyrsq3S2Q_EtR5uDNrCTGbCuRLlkvMkV-bEz00ObTvLVIpKyTWVd6Hrdu/s1600/Lasiommata+petropolitana+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0n2hDy7an_TaAJcbiQnhvVTdITqWMRgBlAnOpqIc36QZFGJyE2FQoKmJfbkyuEdnxsaKgBwfWCDQHfGaI5sLyrsq3S2Q_EtR5uDNrCTGbCuRLlkvMkV-bEz00ObTvLVIpKyTWVd6Hrdu/s400/Lasiommata+petropolitana+2016+06+29+N%25C3%25A9vache+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Lasiommata petropolitana</i>, male</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-67180712259357157762016-07-14T18:45:00.000+02:002016-07-14T18:45:00.381+02:00La Douce France - June 2016 - part III<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This part is all about Corsican endemics. I was on Corsica once before second half of July to see the endemic birds, my interest in butterflies however was then still limited to Belgian butterflies. I had however seen some of the endemic butterflies; <i>Hipparchia neomiris</i>, <i>Hipparchia aristaeus</i> and <i>Coenonympha corinna</i>.<br />
So lots of endemics were still left for me!<br />
An overview of endemic species on Corsica & Sardinia:<br />
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<b>Endemic species<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Corsica<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Sardinia<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Elba<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<i>Papilio hospiton</i></div>
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<i>Euchloe insularis</i></div>
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x</div>
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x</div>
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<i>Pseudophilotes barbagiae</i></div>
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x</div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Plebejus argus corsicus</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Plebejus bellieri</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Plebejus bellieri villai</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Polyommatus (coridon) nufrellensis</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Polyommatus (coridon) gennargenti</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Aglais (urticae) ichnusa</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Argynnis elisa</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Hipparchia aristaeus</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Hipparchia neomiris</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Maniola nurag</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Coenonympha corinna</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Coenonympha (corinna) elbana</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Lasiommata paramegera</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 175.75pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Spialia therapne</i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="top" width="113"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
x</div>
</td>
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x</div>
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As being there still at the end of June for some species I was fairly late (<i>Euchloe insularis</i> for example, I saw one probable flying but could not get a closer look...) or I was too early (<i>Polyommatus (coridon) nufrellensis</i> only starts flying from second decade of July; <i>Hipparchia neomiris</i> I missed on this trip although some were already flying around during my stay, when you visit Corsica later in July this species is difficult to miss). About all other species flying on Corsica I could get a glimpse off.</div>
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<b><i>Papilio hospiton</i></b></div>
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Late june is still a good period to see this species when you visit the higher stations. I saw the species at Haut Asco (1-3 individuals) and at Col de Sorba (10-15 individuals). I kept an eye open to see if I could find individuals with intermediate characters with <i>Papilio machaon</i> as hybridisation often occurs but I only saw specimens that phenotypically were typical <i>P. hospiton</i>. This species is most easily found by its hilltopping behaviour where males hold territorium on high points in the landscape, so just get to a high mountain top (for example east of Col de Sorba) and you shouldn't miss it.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkGCWDLuWRgOREd1CXInbdCgj0zOrnJEnvoFw2wHDT3n2r8YjSYmO61vtNHcB8-Epv6mBf26zFpbREwnxc6Nb5BUtgPTNYOi_9DRgi6kqssdAw1wR59MxqWw5Ufgt12ED9dEGh-LDi8YpW/s1600/Papilio+hospiton+2016+06+26+Col+de+Sorba+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkGCWDLuWRgOREd1CXInbdCgj0zOrnJEnvoFw2wHDT3n2r8YjSYmO61vtNHcB8-Epv6mBf26zFpbREwnxc6Nb5BUtgPTNYOi_9DRgi6kqssdAw1wR59MxqWw5Ufgt12ED9dEGh-LDi8YpW/s400/Papilio+hospiton+2016+06+26+Col+de+Sorba+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Papilio hospiton</i></div>
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<b><i>Plebejus (argus) corsicus</i></b></div>
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According to genetic research this taxon is now mostly considered as a subspecies of <i>Plebejus argus</i> although they look very specific with the black spots on underside of the wings with a greyish hue. I saw this species at Haut-Asco in great number</div>
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<i>Plebejus (argus) corsicus</i>, copula, female on the left</div>
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<i>Plebejus (argus) corsicus</i>, 2 males</div>
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<i>Plebejus (argus) corsicus</i>, male</div>
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<b><i>Plebejus bellieri</i></b></div>
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This species was long considered as a subspecies of <i>Plebejus idas</i> but nowadays is mostly considered as a species on its own. I saw them in good numbers (less common than <i>Plebejus (argus) corsicus</i>) at Haut-Asco. For both species flight period had just begun at this height, almost all of the specimens I saw were fresh. Easily recognised by the black dots at the hindwing margin.</div>
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<i>Plebejus bellieri</i>, male upper and underside</div>
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Underside picture on the presumed larval foodplant <i>Genista species</i></div>
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<i><b>Aglais (urticae) ichnusa</b></i></div>
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Although still recognised as a species on fauna europaea recent genetic research indicates that it should probably be regarded as a subspecies of <i>Aglais urticae</i>. Second half of June is a good period to find this sometimes elusive taxon. It is the period when the flight period of the offspring of the wintering generation starts. Species of the genera <i>Aglais</i>, <i>Vanessa</i> and <i>Nymphalis</i> are well known to swarm out directly after emergence. A good tactic to find <i>Aglais (urticae) ichnusa</i> is to post at high location above tree line and wandering specimens will use these locations to get a rest before moving further on. I saw the taxon at Haut-Asco and at Col de Sorba.</div>
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<i>Aglais (urticae) ichnusa</i></div>
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<b><i>Argynnis elisa</i></b></div>
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This species is most related to <i>Argynnis aglaja</i>. It starts its flight period end of June so I was lucky to find some specimens at Haut-Asco.</div>
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<i>Argynnis elisa</i></div>
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<b><i>Hipparchia aristaeus</i></b></div>
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One of the several cryptic <i>Hipparchia</i> species in the Mediterranean area, no look-a-likes are present on the island. North of Corte the species was already on the wing in small numbers.</div>
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<i>Hipparchia aristaeus</i></div>
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<i><b>Coenonympha corinna</b></i></div>
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A fairly common species at lots of natural locations, less in cultivated areas.</div>
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<i>Coenonympha corinna</i>, showing some variation in spots on underside hindwing</div>
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<b><i>Lasiommata paramegera</i></b></div>
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Although very common a difficult species to get on picture as they are very active. It is unclear to me what the status is of the Balearic <i>Lasiommata</i> species, in some literature it is stated that<i> Lasiommata paramegera</i> is present on the Balearics as well, other literature place the brightly patterned Balearic butterflies in <i>Lasiommata megaera</i>. If someone can inform me with the present status of the Balearic <i>Lasiommata</i> butterflies I would be very interested.</div>
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<i>Lasiommata paramegera</i>, female</div>
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<i>Lasiommata paramegera</i>, male</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin1r7XZu-0KRbsQrLuCCn_YMeHlv9lQ9Z961LEd4lIN4CXFdtwI7efHhb6Vrq2P2lKRAzHivuF3HMkN84Kvai5k9SxuuJRjuQbVbK3yU9oMjnVhEeWMx2Uax_zWuQVYLI-YbMlqLMux5se/s1600/Lasiommata+paramegera+2016+06+26+Col+de+Sorba+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin1r7XZu-0KRbsQrLuCCn_YMeHlv9lQ9Z961LEd4lIN4CXFdtwI7efHhb6Vrq2P2lKRAzHivuF3HMkN84Kvai5k9SxuuJRjuQbVbK3yU9oMjnVhEeWMx2Uax_zWuQVYLI-YbMlqLMux5se/s400/Lasiommata+paramegera+2016+06+26+Col+de+Sorba+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Lasiommata paramegera</i>, underside</div>
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<b><i>Spialia therapne</i></b></div>
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I was a bit afraid to be in between generations for this species, fortunately I found the species at 2 locations, for the second location I was tipped and I could get nice pics on that location.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnaR_A09yFS-DNJ1gBUy0rqYS9BOFinW7aTi4ZBp2C0VNuT366izqVwqSFmq7hNSFjfFVYkd8ZqFYev3T_xMQo4SJqsyxxwxl7wAdXBZ7LKidjspZy9aY1GW72LpEj9kqsYWAW9DYw0KJL/s1600/Spialia+therapne+2016+06+27+Vezzani+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnaR_A09yFS-DNJ1gBUy0rqYS9BOFinW7aTi4ZBp2C0VNuT366izqVwqSFmq7hNSFjfFVYkd8ZqFYev3T_xMQo4SJqsyxxwxl7wAdXBZ7LKidjspZy9aY1GW72LpEj9kqsYWAW9DYw0KJL/s400/Spialia+therapne+2016+06+27+Vezzani+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Spialia therapne</i></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-28867333931314720332016-07-14T00:30:00.002+02:002016-07-14T11:20:42.602+02:00La Douce France - June 2016 - part II<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In the south of France I visited several locations in 2 separate regions. First I watched butterflies for 2 days on the edge of the Drôme and the Vaucluse in calcareous mountaineous areas (550-1500m). Then I moved on to the south to lower areas on the edge of the Bouches-du-Rhône and the Var (400-700m).<br />
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During my whole trip I controlled <i>Melitaea</i> species from the<i> athalia</i>-group on male genitalia according the method explained in the Lafranchis-guide, all males depicted on picture here are controlled with a 20X loupe. In the Drôme-Vaucluse area I was happy to find 3 different species.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8oPhq64TEUBv5_6g4CX3Vek3fmMadqIziAAWR6HEo55anWNIgF2k89YA3GVSpj3EOaOZ_W-E365jPfqnfhfaRVzMSoHsgwiVid1edtKT184wJvmPHx3V8yA6CPmYs-cWRj5IrpAE9X5qQ/s1600/Melitaea+athalia+2016+06+19+Pommerol+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8oPhq64TEUBv5_6g4CX3Vek3fmMadqIziAAWR6HEo55anWNIgF2k89YA3GVSpj3EOaOZ_W-E365jPfqnfhfaRVzMSoHsgwiVid1edtKT184wJvmPHx3V8yA6CPmYs-cWRj5IrpAE9X5qQ/s400/Melitaea+athalia+2016+06+19+Pommerol+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Melitaea (athalia) nevadensis (=celadussa)</i>, male</div>
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According to the recent work on the genus Melitaea by <a href="http://www.phegea.org/Images/Leaflet_Books.pdf" target="_blank">Coutsis & Van Oorschot</a> the southern morph of <i>Melitaea athalia</i> should be regarded as a separate species and the valid name should be <i>nevadensis</i> instead of the often used <i>celadussa</i>. This was definitely the most common <i>Melitaea</i> to find, <i>nevadensis</i> in the south and <i>athalia s.s.</i> in the north (see part I).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioppWd20_8UCtXWQQ4rVkMValJKs0Z7aAF6uSSkUc_-dBCZo-6QBHSXFh06oExshCG2R_VM24GzoC1EJIUbu6ZpJpCVMFqIYXHZu0m0aOQyFzrn5zfP4XwsEyguzg2GRFHTSCAWQYoTGUZ/s1600/Melitaea+deione+2016+06+20+Monieux+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioppWd20_8UCtXWQQ4rVkMValJKs0Z7aAF6uSSkUc_-dBCZo-6QBHSXFh06oExshCG2R_VM24GzoC1EJIUbu6ZpJpCVMFqIYXHZu0m0aOQyFzrn5zfP4XwsEyguzg2GRFHTSCAWQYoTGUZ/s400/Melitaea+deione+2016+06+20+Monieux+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Melitaea deione</i>, male</div>
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In an abandoned S-faced quarry I found a small population of M. deione.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgamHq5GpW2WGLOcSYpqjbHnfjC6x7mIDM7_naKACOgSVk_ltCe-wtS-uJy_TcgPxiJyIUsvxIQ6bF_QKR0FDbAdzn374_NmtGExUfaff1KB_ZnXuaEPmAVWomDl2y8KlD_Hc0bPIrTvG1J/s1600/Melitaea+parthenoides+2016+06+19+Chauvac-Laux-Montaux+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgamHq5GpW2WGLOcSYpqjbHnfjC6x7mIDM7_naKACOgSVk_ltCe-wtS-uJy_TcgPxiJyIUsvxIQ6bF_QKR0FDbAdzn374_NmtGExUfaff1KB_ZnXuaEPmAVWomDl2y8KlD_Hc0bPIrTvG1J/s400/Melitaea+parthenoides+2016+06+19+Chauvac-Laux-Montaux+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIwv1kQiiEUj2rrZrLyYGCZFtCSrhrxfQV2wq3MKNot09Ka9o4CiCVXKM5sBJWmrp_g3yKlFXAlYfdgl6kERvCXTT-DfAnVdkxhY_YT2ZjYf2BcRLaz5g-aJlSCs-c6Ld7PHigtc3DaV0P/s1600/Melitaea+parthenoides+2016+06+19+Chauvac-Laux-Montaux+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIwv1kQiiEUj2rrZrLyYGCZFtCSrhrxfQV2wq3MKNot09Ka9o4CiCVXKM5sBJWmrp_g3yKlFXAlYfdgl6kERvCXTT-DfAnVdkxhY_YT2ZjYf2BcRLaz5g-aJlSCs-c6Ld7PHigtc3DaV0P/s400/Melitaea+parthenoides+2016+06+19+Chauvac-Laux-Montaux+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In a more humid valley I found several <i>Melitaea parthenoides</i>. Two males in upper pic, a female in the lower pic.</div>
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The more easy to recognize <i>Melitaea didyma</i> was present at lots of locations as well.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIQiNxh6KZwHkDLNHFN_FPGN6me7zOPwqmf_ZCMSV9sucBAv_sPYQBD5GRt5zRyEgq5TsMWKQwWBy7HlH0VxU5XeVH15HcqIyHIX1SagxyMlAadinrAftGMHrdYCpgog2uMT7Dw8NKIvbk/s1600/Melitaea+didyma+2016+06+20+Monieux+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIQiNxh6KZwHkDLNHFN_FPGN6me7zOPwqmf_ZCMSV9sucBAv_sPYQBD5GRt5zRyEgq5TsMWKQwWBy7HlH0VxU5XeVH15HcqIyHIX1SagxyMlAadinrAftGMHrdYCpgog2uMT7Dw8NKIvbk/s400/Melitaea+didyma+2016+06+20+Monieux+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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Two males <i>Melitaea didyma</i></div>
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Another nice Fritillary species to see was <i>Euphydryas aurinia</i> of the Provencal subspecies <i>provincialis</i>. A few late ones at approx 1000m. A nice overview of the several French subspecies of Euphydryas aurinia can be found on the website of Lafranchis as a sample page of Lafranchis' recent ecological guide <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/uploads/2/8/2/3/28235851/504-505.jpg" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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I can only advise any one withe a good interest in ecology of European butterflies to buy <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/la-vie-des-papillons.html" target="_blank">this guide</a>, although it is a bit pricey, I believe it is worth the price. It is a very descent work with lots of nice photographs and good information on ecology of all French butterfly species. If someone would doubt between the <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/papillons-de-france1.html" target="_blank">new fieldguide</a> and the more expensive ecological guide I would certainly advise to buy the ecological guide.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8PBOiPcKD-VJdVWby5pIUU-AlP5JyHpJdhaf_dy9XBiMNADOzc0GKJnagQsf9AH5GDAjrOJgDdrq82Pa7e7qFNpuGD_by4_7mNbQN6j3iwvRTpICF0F6qlAUBS3vNy0KrKVI3F5WxWzGp/s1600/Euphydryas+aurinia+provincialis+2016+06+19+Barret-de-Lioure+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8PBOiPcKD-VJdVWby5pIUU-AlP5JyHpJdhaf_dy9XBiMNADOzc0GKJnagQsf9AH5GDAjrOJgDdrq82Pa7e7qFNpuGD_by4_7mNbQN6j3iwvRTpICF0F6qlAUBS3vNy0KrKVI3F5WxWzGp/s400/Euphydryas+aurinia+provincialis+2016+06+19+Barret-de-Lioure+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Euphydryas aurinia provincialis</i></div>
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A nice species to find were some late specimens of <i>Melanargia occitanica</i>, a species I hadn't seen before</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasfy3dsOWXNEZiO5bnZNNgp1HqntQq3XH_LbAYXjSenIicyB-F1Q4nOGUNFeh4zB9U8xZ71h49Cf1jKouegcsmi3tVut4UDGqzthmlk83YGpc6ZaB122r0eA9OWqrZ9Etfkw2apxgBl_w/s1600/Melanargia+occitanica+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasfy3dsOWXNEZiO5bnZNNgp1HqntQq3XH_LbAYXjSenIicyB-F1Q4nOGUNFeh4zB9U8xZ71h49Cf1jKouegcsmi3tVut4UDGqzthmlk83YGpc6ZaB122r0eA9OWqrZ9Etfkw2apxgBl_w/s400/Melanargia+occitanica+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMrSK33NTrRe40oyM_mUvmLi-W5Trqyhity2qrSuLICMBHh81_BnoeVkssroY319KFlUeKdFQ_QAKSNTC3orO3EKNVNEZj97V62HCQXVF7j-8zXtckc0hYIwOX2i_XLJY6Jv1putHYIWlI/s1600/Melanargia+occitanica+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMrSK33NTrRe40oyM_mUvmLi-W5Trqyhity2qrSuLICMBHh81_BnoeVkssroY319KFlUeKdFQ_QAKSNTC3orO3EKNVNEZj97V62HCQXVF7j-8zXtckc0hYIwOX2i_XLJY6Jv1putHYIWlI/s400/Melanargia+occitanica+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Melanargia occitanica</i></div>
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By controlling <i>Brassicaceae</i> on a regular base I found several caterpillars of <i>Euchloe crameri</i>, one of the southern spring whites</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHQLCvWj-1q13bFH_vEq4PpDsUlUovbhu_4JO22MvFbTpHy03vbFuZZMpswogDUGGiuYEMBWN9FazagaBcAb5Cw02-lVd-a7bPrkUBQvG81T1agCJjBOwjoR_ZLysosWlE8IPlj-mfAj8/s1600/Euchloe+crameri+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHQLCvWj-1q13bFH_vEq4PpDsUlUovbhu_4JO22MvFbTpHy03vbFuZZMpswogDUGGiuYEMBWN9FazagaBcAb5Cw02-lVd-a7bPrkUBQvG81T1agCJjBOwjoR_ZLysosWlE8IPlj-mfAj8/s400/Euchloe+crameri+2016+06+21+Beaumont-du-Ventoux+%25282%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Euchloe crameri</i></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">I was surprised to find some colonies of </span><i style="text-align: left;">Polyommatus hispanus</i><span style="text-align: left;"> still thriving after half of June, I would have expected to be in between spring and summer generation but at one location I found a population of several hundred of individuals from clearly abraded to nearly fresh. I would not be surprised if the latest individuals of spring generation would be still on the wing when summer generation starts to emerge...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2M-1ZVanKgSTkH30Px3Vapek-_36FyLcF1Z2ohjVA86jL7-AXj2PH86djfvJ9gT2egABwqigNPU9koJlk5v_rckKsn7vOapem76ijBvE4CdMVLjCOSCPqwZ-mBqZrWLU6HLcd4h4sIeG7/s1600/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2M-1ZVanKgSTkH30Px3Vapek-_36FyLcF1Z2ohjVA86jL7-AXj2PH86djfvJ9gT2egABwqigNPU9koJlk5v_rckKsn7vOapem76ijBvE4CdMVLjCOSCPqwZ-mBqZrWLU6HLcd4h4sIeG7/s400/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU8qP4sQXnvwGwy7O9mB4nTEDA9VKjXEVyL5B_zbMloLQgyN7uy23F4P-g4zOVjvTQRuRxRTOhJlV237KMaW27BUJABHLk4NONZUntVSWpluKRctBW7fEwBrYVFuFA0z-pXQX5JB3dqAUr/s1600/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU8qP4sQXnvwGwy7O9mB4nTEDA9VKjXEVyL5B_zbMloLQgyN7uy23F4P-g4zOVjvTQRuRxRTOhJlV237KMaW27BUJABHLk4NONZUntVSWpluKRctBW7fEwBrYVFuFA0z-pXQX5JB3dqAUr/s400/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25282%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg__uYMOur0t6WGsslsTgNKbfDKgBnkBDnUAu9-ZqeZzJhcILOtFzUm0WuI2kepsoZN6piwVfmK-GeZesLPhWdqYGThnPOIR7Lj9BdqKJeYJJR1EDElOlz6aOGEqkfd7o7bdLW7yshdjwCr/s1600/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg__uYMOur0t6WGsslsTgNKbfDKgBnkBDnUAu9-ZqeZzJhcILOtFzUm0WuI2kepsoZN6piwVfmK-GeZesLPhWdqYGThnPOIR7Lj9BdqKJeYJJR1EDElOlz6aOGEqkfd7o7bdLW7yshdjwCr/s400/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25283%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr_Q3I9Qj6up80a9EwIjysjMxl6-l0SVrkU53IW_c0x61m9S5Uw7FrWuXM8YeA53o4nA7_Y-Hlh8MIk5A3W2HT8yhnZonqwYtyqCl6LJMzUA59e0e41Q8vhWa8xTnMtuXc6f-Kf4_Owz0z/s1600/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr_Q3I9Qj6up80a9EwIjysjMxl6-l0SVrkU53IW_c0x61m9S5Uw7FrWuXM8YeA53o4nA7_Y-Hlh8MIk5A3W2HT8yhnZonqwYtyqCl6LJMzUA59e0e41Q8vhWa8xTnMtuXc6f-Kf4_Owz0z/s400/Polyommatus+hispanus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25284%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus hispanus</i>, 3 males & 1 female</div>
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At the same location I saw some individuals of one of the nicest Heath species <i>Coenonympha dorus</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHUmfI23N4GcnnUUnZppYuB6cUOrBQMi1OpL5rGqM47jIjL3TVShz0mJ_BCJMalN_j9adVOx4mcG9AhhFalmN3yEbp_xs8A1LdOyCtNyOYjcEaeMJoiYzEs1nt_pkFIlUwm-09T-G6iuRy/s1600/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHUmfI23N4GcnnUUnZppYuB6cUOrBQMi1OpL5rGqM47jIjL3TVShz0mJ_BCJMalN_j9adVOx4mcG9AhhFalmN3yEbp_xs8A1LdOyCtNyOYjcEaeMJoiYzEs1nt_pkFIlUwm-09T-G6iuRy/s400/Coenonympha+dorus+2016+06+19+Montferrand-la-Fare+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Coenonympha dorus</i></div>
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In the Bouches-du-Rhône/Var area my main target was to see <i>Laeosopis roboris</i>. The main flight period of this butterfly is a bit earlier than the periods when I have visited its distribution so this time I wanted to search for it specifically. And with success, I saw the species at 3 locations.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQp3tBo4_TD9yQBfE9W8Htq7y-Qg3jbsZTy1xgNNR4CeMjOJhCFqf5Hg9O5krYip4mVCiD5F722PPXRbXVOS7f3Y9KAvef9hitsxV8Lv4N2xxH4ngKP_ZKh0SrXgejPKniPJ45xtbVfsPv/s1600/Laeosopis+roboris+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQp3tBo4_TD9yQBfE9W8Htq7y-Qg3jbsZTy1xgNNR4CeMjOJhCFqf5Hg9O5krYip4mVCiD5F722PPXRbXVOS7f3Y9KAvef9hitsxV8Lv4N2xxH4ngKP_ZKh0SrXgejPKniPJ45xtbVfsPv/s400/Laeosopis+roboris+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzRSt7xEHMrdoEdLSd6hsmpuzqWlKeQKeurVvL9QJn6tAlE9ySQ9_tMvNXTlk2WYUVEUaut7x6noEyUHdaEj4aCCMa6wbyu6slu7YVvPKFIPTtVddDKmN8A7YG7Gd86W6NbBi7IqC2AvI/s1600/Laeosopis+roboris+2016+06+22+Pourrieres+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzRSt7xEHMrdoEdLSd6hsmpuzqWlKeQKeurVvL9QJn6tAlE9ySQ9_tMvNXTlk2WYUVEUaut7x6noEyUHdaEj4aCCMa6wbyu6slu7YVvPKFIPTtVddDKmN8A7YG7Gd86W6NbBi7IqC2AvI/s400/Laeosopis+roboris+2016+06+22+Pourrieres+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Laeosopis roboris</i></div>
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Another nice species to see in France was <i>Brenthis hecate</i>, a species with <a href="http://diatheo.weebly.com/brenthis-hecate.html" target="_blank">a limited distribution in France</a>:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFa2zYlNDiyuaIUOogr4FjSQPpveaikTWZDZW7n9Zd0-GyM3bl4j9Najp1_UNsST7sSwtDezqLO3xCSUhXwQIqcNK5v976XEIk_VQNvNDiuzNrGPgMumdZlBH7_haQIAeRbB03CHJJM9uF/s1600/Brenthis+hecate+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFa2zYlNDiyuaIUOogr4FjSQPpveaikTWZDZW7n9Zd0-GyM3bl4j9Najp1_UNsST7sSwtDezqLO3xCSUhXwQIqcNK5v976XEIk_VQNvNDiuzNrGPgMumdZlBH7_haQIAeRbB03CHJJM9uF/s400/Brenthis+hecate+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Brenthis hecate</i></div>
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In the previous part you could read about <i>Hipparchia (hermione) genava</i>, this is however a male of the related and very similar species <i>Hipparchia fagi</i>:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiemwlYYAyrB69JS6mEc9lySFDYh6i9MC7-hA_DMajzi5Z4M7SHnIh9BxK3l98HInPNEzyM9ADuWWzBvhOzMWrP5Hb3bNfAJjVgMWe70tW4PyhRUu14rzIlrVCZ8U2d0Pn33W44deBJytdf/s1600/Hipparchia+fagi+2016+06+23+Saint-Zacharie+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiemwlYYAyrB69JS6mEc9lySFDYh6i9MC7-hA_DMajzi5Z4M7SHnIh9BxK3l98HInPNEzyM9ADuWWzBvhOzMWrP5Hb3bNfAJjVgMWe70tW4PyhRUu14rzIlrVCZ8U2d0Pn33W44deBJytdf/s400/Hipparchia+fagi+2016+06+23+Saint-Zacharie+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Hipparchia fagi</i></div>
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One of the least expected species of the trip was <i>Polyommatus dolus</i>. I had seen this species in the same region in august and flight period is mostly described as starting half of July. So a nice surprise to find a freshly emerged female just past half of June. A nice white fringe to upperside of both front and hind wing and a very vague pale central stripe are the features to tell this one apart from <i>Polyommatus ripartii</i>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUHfQjIpG9FWUXeG2TlNoUQGJV0rNv-Bu2sjvFoq_vu4IidgR1YkK0cpwcmE9Zytjm6Xh5Trf0vMFXL5cLLxZr825qzuIpNBsahvL6HPU39oiLIyl8byaV66wWWw4FCOhjwkIXvonVO8-N/s1600/Polyommatus+dolus+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUHfQjIpG9FWUXeG2TlNoUQGJV0rNv-Bu2sjvFoq_vu4IidgR1YkK0cpwcmE9Zytjm6Xh5Trf0vMFXL5cLLxZr825qzuIpNBsahvL6HPU39oiLIyl8byaV66wWWw4FCOhjwkIXvonVO8-N/s400/Polyommatus+dolus+2016+06+22+Rians+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Polyommatus dolus</i>, female</div>
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More on Corsican endemics in the next episode</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-89892560888835733462016-07-13T00:32:00.002+02:002016-07-13T00:32:26.597+02:00La Douce France - June 2016 - part I<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In the second half of June I went for a 2 week trip to France covering a large part of the east of the country. I started with a small stop just within Belgian borders in the very south of Belgium with a stop at a location with <i>Melitaea cinxia</i>. Although some were already abraded I was surprised to still find some fresh specimens.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiub_WzknrWwbErTi7P6jUcvayybuSFeq_BkOpT6LnVl6p7uDDAsr7xyvAHpzx8QKEMHXP1ZSP1pQSaI5G0ji-N2pNqGSy8VR1sAXxwF0hIbE3GN4JzPxEVsQBs9V5DYyOmqlUJUXtyEC2I/s1600/Melitaea+cinxia+2016+06+16+Aubange+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiub_WzknrWwbErTi7P6jUcvayybuSFeq_BkOpT6LnVl6p7uDDAsr7xyvAHpzx8QKEMHXP1ZSP1pQSaI5G0ji-N2pNqGSy8VR1sAXxwF0hIbE3GN4JzPxEVsQBs9V5DYyOmqlUJUXtyEC2I/s400/Melitaea+cinxia+2016+06+16+Aubange+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUkzUoWNVKFw9OFODLrq_PNmI315J_C_cARe2LrQ0gVdJd9XQLgILz4eMgL9zJDxbsjyz6utl_RLZb9QYKJOcJF61cwiagivm3Rcb6okMtPuEgmTw4VvQqaw5YkyoXC5rmQ33yypEcbZ0H/s1600/Melitaea+cinxia+2016+06+16+Aubange+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUkzUoWNVKFw9OFODLrq_PNmI315J_C_cARe2LrQ0gVdJd9XQLgILz4eMgL9zJDxbsjyz6utl_RLZb9QYKJOcJF61cwiagivm3Rcb6okMtPuEgmTw4VvQqaw5YkyoXC5rmQ33yypEcbZ0H/s400/Melitaea+cinxia+2016+06+16+Aubange+%25282%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Melitaea cinxia</i></div>
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From there I could really start my french trip and went consecutively on to the south of the Lorraine, a short stop in Bourgogne (short because of the rain...), to the north of the Alps, to the Vaucluse, the south of the Provence, to Corsica, from there back to the Alps to end up in the south of the Lorraine again.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWGlWNUKJIkZgouQ4l2GLB_HkmNKGTFl1KHMsx2HX1UJBJKWP4noVrNAeql72i1dRi22qOB-dVZmtPOeaQNQuexb6HbSyh17Sr3HmXD4li9jitRc6Jq9ZZnyRFXa244v9RUgmIk2xHLlXn/s1600/Overzichtskaart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWGlWNUKJIkZgouQ4l2GLB_HkmNKGTFl1KHMsx2HX1UJBJKWP4noVrNAeql72i1dRi22qOB-dVZmtPOeaQNQuexb6HbSyh17Sr3HmXD4li9jitRc6Jq9ZZnyRFXa244v9RUgmIk2xHLlXn/s400/Overzichtskaart.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In this first part some notes on the Lorraine and then especially on some species that have their north-westernmost stations in their distribution. In the very south of the Meuse valley their are some calcareous hillsides holding some nice species that have distribution that doesn't reach Belgium or are only known from some old records.</div>
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<i>Melitaea phoebe</i> for example is only known from old records and <i>Plebejus argyrognomon</i> is extinct since at least some 15 years.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd-w-jPPNCnyUbvtR0gssziAQFX2sA1sr7DaNWKZANYqIBjK8uCLECR3HyPdISGR4lnC9xUy5DqCFBGEZbooWqy8LwECplVT-2ckSp4qUk418XIVj86RIQPlTokzReTGQrq-vg0Bgkgh6n/s1600/Melitaea+phoebe+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd-w-jPPNCnyUbvtR0gssziAQFX2sA1sr7DaNWKZANYqIBjK8uCLECR3HyPdISGR4lnC9xUy5DqCFBGEZbooWqy8LwECplVT-2ckSp4qUk418XIVj86RIQPlTokzReTGQrq-vg0Bgkgh6n/s400/Melitaea+phoebe+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Melitaea phoebe</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqsrkVOwK6ABJOc-yaoPzMKDGLHxkfuKIw1ufHo3Dx2t9HF7NjgCUtUWrWuYiOeVKKYB_6taeQeOzDVj7xSCD4XKeEtscAKqwKaqlPmwGlCn2MwJ39zbB_hPvrTiFjR9TZO8gAQkFcu3qz/s1600/Plebejus+argyrognomon+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqsrkVOwK6ABJOc-yaoPzMKDGLHxkfuKIw1ufHo3Dx2t9HF7NjgCUtUWrWuYiOeVKKYB_6taeQeOzDVj7xSCD4XKeEtscAKqwKaqlPmwGlCn2MwJ39zbB_hPvrTiFjR9TZO8gAQkFcu3qz/s400/Plebejus+argyrognomon+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Plebejus argyrognomon</i>, female</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0QIx7e5Eci1TdWAsHGnLeIbE74-YuTVyo6w6pELg4Car2cQn5dQ3nMN84xQEikdbop90K5V_aMmQSVXDa5zQxnTcyCpswuA39A22sW7m8dae7blSFP-iisk5x9pN4mVygfdY62u1Sg7OL/s1600/Satyrium+acaciae+2016+06+30+Pagny-la-blanche-Cote+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0QIx7e5Eci1TdWAsHGnLeIbE74-YuTVyo6w6pELg4Car2cQn5dQ3nMN84xQEikdbop90K5V_aMmQSVXDa5zQxnTcyCpswuA39A22sW7m8dae7blSFP-iisk5x9pN4mVygfdY62u1Sg7OL/s400/Satyrium+acaciae+2016+06+30+Pagny-la-blanche-Cote+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Satyrium acaciae</i> has recently been rediscovered in Belgium but still only known from one station and even there still very rare.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuePRFGZcsT8VwTaTm0gWnDQ3BuOsRw5kJf3G8jhpOvtACBw7z8XUUWQNrOJZRMcOtsxI7wFh0QCNdTSA087TqRLzfsWSPgctCZSIlhYHjlhv0Uqx7RHBdlNhMMze6dcjI_AG8mWhcVMxK/s1600/Zygaena+loti+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuePRFGZcsT8VwTaTm0gWnDQ3BuOsRw5kJf3G8jhpOvtACBw7z8XUUWQNrOJZRMcOtsxI7wFh0QCNdTSA087TqRLzfsWSPgctCZSIlhYHjlhv0Uqx7RHBdlNhMMze6dcjI_AG8mWhcVMxK/s400/Zygaena+loti+2016+06+17+Pagny-la-blanche-cote+%25281%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<i>Zygaena loti</i> is a species with only a handful of recent sightings in Belgium</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">The real specialties of the region are however 2 other species. </span></div>
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The first one is <i>Hipparchia hermione genava</i>. This taxon has its northernmost stations in the south of the Lorraine and can be found at these locations in large numbers from half of June onward. The taxonomic relationships to other subspecies of <i>Hipparchia hermione</i> are still unclear. It is somewhat in between <i>Hipparchia hermione</i> and the related <i>Hipparchia fagi</i>, as wel in the number of bajonets on the Julien organ (part of male genitalia), in size, as in the presence of white spots in the dark marginal border. Some consider this taxon as a species on its own, according to fauna europaea it is still a subspesies of <i>Hipparchia hermione</i>.</div>
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Typically sitting on the path.</div>
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The other specialty is <i>Pieris mannii</i>. This species is expanding its range northward at fast speed from the Alps through the Rhine valley. On these locations in the Meuse valley the species was only recently discovered but most probably however these populations are not new ones from the expanding south Alpine subspecies <i>alpigena</i> but are overlooked populations from the western subspecies <i>andegava</i>. This subspecies is a bit smaller with a bit less expressed dark markings (so a bit less different from <i>Pieris rapae</i>). It was described from western France and had a known distribution from south of Paris to the Atlantic coast. It was long considered extinct because of agricultural intensification, as a species of extensive agricultural zones on calcareous ground, but was recently rediscovered at one of the former stations south of Paris. And so also discovered in the Meuse valley where it was not yet known. </div>
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female, very rounded wings with a rectangular discal spot and extensive apical spot</div>
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male, the discal spot is a bit smaller but hollowed out at the outer side</div>
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caterpillar on<i> Iberis (linefolia) violletii</i>, in young larval stages the caterpillars of <i>Pieris mannii</i> have a dark head shield whereas in <i>Pieris rapae</i> the head shield is greenish in all larval stages</div>
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egg on <i>Iberis (linefolia) violletii<span style="text-align: left;"> </span></i></div>
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Underside</div>
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In the next episode some butterflies from southern regions of France...</div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3726686002580314754.post-60066893706710361612016-05-22T23:43:00.001+02:002016-05-23T00:02:04.282+02:00Sooty copper in Flanders<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Last Saturday I had made a compromise with my girlfriend. We visited a 90 year old family member of hers and I promised to join her if before our visit we could visit one of the few Flemish populations of Sooty copper <i>Lycaena tityrus</i> that remain nearby.<br />
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, male</div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, female</div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, female</div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, female</div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, copula, female to the left</div>
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<i>Lycaena tityrus</i>, egg, female lands on the foodplant and crawls down the plant to lay an egg on the base of the stem of the foodplant. On this location <i>Rumex acetosa</i>.</div>
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While in large parts of central and southern Europe Sooty copper is still a widespread species, in Flanders it has lost a large part of its past distribution. Drivers of this loss of distribution are suspected to be found mainly in intensification of agriculture which has resulted in the loss of valuable poor grasslands. Flanders has in large parts an agriculture that is focused mainly on intensive livestock breeding, resulting in a very high nitrogen pressure. Learning about this case of the influence of livestock breeding on one particular butterfly made me decide some years ago to try to live vegetarian as much as possible. I'm not that naive to think that my change of lifestyle will change a lot but as a butterfly enthusiast it just seems a logical step in my life. </div>
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Figure out of following article by Dirk Maes and Hans Van Dyck: </div>
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<a href="https://data.inbo.be/purews/files/6578241/Maes_VanDyck_2001_BiolConserv.pdf">https://data.inbo.be/purews/files/6578241/Maes_VanDyck_2001_BiolConserv.pdf</a></div>
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Pieter Vantieghemhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00541355920734489680noreply@blogger.com0